| Laurel: | Date: (year.month.date) | Precedent: |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.05 | Submitted as Mathildis De'Ath, the byname De'Ath was documented as a header spelling in Reaney and Wilson. In most cases, header forms are plausible for period and so are registerable. However, precedent (most notably regarding modern forms in Ó Corráin & Maguire) has ruled that header forms which are modern may not be registerable. Reaney and Wilson regard the derivation of the byname from "de Athe" as plausible, but spend far more time giving good solid English derivations from "death" and "deeth". In addition, neither Reaney and Wilson nor Bardsley give any dated examples using the apostrophe. We have, therefore, changed the byname to the form Death, dated in Reaney and Wilson to the time of Edward I, and in Bardsley to 1598. [Mathildis Death, 05/04, A-Middle] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.05 | Submitted as Constance inghean Conchobair, the patronymic mixes a Middle Irish Gaelic patronymic with the Early Modern Irish Gaelic patronymic particle. In addition, Gaelic grammar requires that patronymics beginning with the letter C must lenite or soften when used as part of a feminine name. Therefore, we have changed the name to Constance ingen Chonchobair to make the patronymic temporally consistent and to correct the grammar.
This name mixes English and Gaelic orthographies in a single name; this is one step from period practice.[Constance ingen Chonchobair, 05/04, A-Middle] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.05 | Submitted as Emma Idunn, this name combines an English given name and an Old Norse given name. Because Old Norse does not use unmarked patronymics, Idunn is not a properly formed byname. The properly constructed Old Norse form would be Idunsdottir.
To make this name registerable, the byname must either be changed to a close English form or to the properly constructed Old Norse form. Because a name mixing Middle English and Old Norse is one step from period practice, we have changed this name to Emma Idone, an all English form. Unmarked patronymics are common in English. Reaney and Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames, dates this spelling of the byname to 1327. The change from Idunn to Idone is also a smaller change in sound and appearance than the change from Idunn to Idunsdottir. [Emma Idone, 05/04, A-Aethelmearc] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.05 | Submitted as Jonah Mac Coghlan, the submitter requested authenticity for 12th to 14th C Irish and accepted minor changes. However, Jonah is documented as a post-Reformation English name. Woulfe, Irish Names and Surnames, s.n. Mac Cochlain, notes M'Cochlane and M'Coghlane as late period Anglicized forms of this name. We have changed the name to Jonah M'Coghlane to comply as much as possible with his request for authenticity. [Jonah M'Coghlane, 05/04, A-Atlantia] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.05 | This name combines English and Gaelic elements in a single name; this is one step from period practice. The double given names Caitlin Christiana are grandfathered to the submitter, whose name Caitlin Christiana Rosa del León was registered in 1987. The Grandfather Clause allows a submitter to register name elements from a previously registered name, so long as they are used in the same manner and exactly the same spelling as in the previously registered name and no new violations of the Rules for Submissions exist in the new name that did not exist in the registered name. Therefore, we must ask if the changes in byname and name construction introduce a new violation of the Rules for Submission that was not present in the original submission. They does not. Instead, the change from Rosa del León to Wintour reduces the number of languages in this name. Therefore, this name is registerable via the Grandfather Clause. [Caitlin Christiana Wintour, 05/04, A-Caid] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.05 | This name was justified as a constructed English placename; however, the constructions are not plausible as submitted. Two possible derivations were presented by the submitters and the College to explain this construction, but neither held up under scrutiny:
We would change this name to one of the forms suggested above. However, the group will not accept changes. [Rivermoor, Shire of, 05/04, R-Trimaris] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.05 | Submitted as Sayna of Lincoln, the submitter requested authenticity for a 12th century English Jewish woman. We have changed the name to Sayna de Lincolne to partially comply with this request. Layamon's Brut, written in the first half of the 13th C, has several examples of this placename spelled Lincolne. Barring evidence that Sayna was a given name used by Jewish women in England, we cannot say whether this name is authentic for a Jewish Englishwoman. [Sayna de Lincolne, 05/04, A-An Tir] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.05 | This name combines English and German elements, which is one step from period practice. Some commenters wondered whether Rheinfels was a period spelling for this name, but no one found a period citation for this undoubtedly period castle. Therefore, we are giving the submitter the benefit of the doubt for the spelling of the byname. [Godfrey von Rheinfels, 05/04, A-Atenveldt] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.05 | While not in itself a reason for return, the name mixes English and Spanish, which is a step from period practice. The given name, Isabella, was documented from Withycombe, The Oxford Dictionary of English Given Names. Unfortunately, Withycombe is an unreliable source for names outside of England. The Spanish form of Isabella is Isabel or Ysabel; the name is found in these spellings from the 13th through the 16th C. If the submitter is interested in an authentic Spanish name, we suggest that she use one of these spellings. [Isabella Maria-Magdalena Fernandes de Chaves, 05/04, R-Trimaris] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.05 | The byname Stoneheart is not an epithetical name constructed on period English naming patterns. The documentation presented two arguments. The first argument was that this might be a variant of the surname Stannard. However, neither Reaney and Wilson nor Bardsley show a variant of this name ending in -heart. The second argument was that it was a similar constuction to the pattern hard-object+body-part, such as Ironfoot. However, no examples of stone-+bodypart were found, nor were examples of mineral-+-heart. [Eve Stoneheart the Wagand, 05/04, R-Middle] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.04 | This name mixes an English place name with an otherwise Scots name; such a mixture was declared one step from period practice in September 2001. However, many Scots name forms are identical to English name forms. Furthermore, many of the standard sources used by the SCA College of Arms, including the Oxford English Dictionary and Reaney & Wilson, Dictionary of English Surnames, make no distinction between English and Scots forms. We are therefore overturning this precedent, and declaring that names combining Scots and English forms are no longer considered a step from period practice. [Michael Duncan of Hadley, 04/04, A-Caid] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.04 | The name combines English and Flemish. Barring documentation of such combinations, this is one step from period practice. [Rosalind Ryne, 04/04, A-Lochac] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.04 | This is returned because the documentation in Reaney & Wilson states specifically that Sealeaf is a modern form. Reaney and Wilson claim only a very speculative derivation from period citations. In most cases, header forms are plausible for period and so are registerable. However, precedent (most notably regarding modern forms in Ó Corráin & Maguire) states that header forms which are modern may not be registerable. Reaney and Wilson date a form of this name, Seloue, to 1308. However, as this changes both the sound and appearance of the name, it is judged to be a major change, which the submitter does not allow. [Elizabeth Sealeaf, 04/04, R-Caid] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.03 | The submitter requested authenticity for English language/culture and allowed minor changes. The OED lists the spelling Egyptian referring to a gypsy in 1609 and from the late 14th C onward dates various forms of the word as an adjective. [Rebecca the Egyptian, 03/04, A-Meridies] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.03 | Mixing Gaelic and English orthography in the same name is vanishingly rare and is considered one step from period practice. [Eithne of Brechin, 03/04, A-Caid] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.03 | Some commenters questioned whether Blue was a reasonable descriptive byname. Bardsley, s.n. Blew, lists Blue in the header, dates Henry Blewe to the 16th century, and cites le Blue as an earlier form. [Robert the Blue, 03/04, A-Ealdomere] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.03 | Submitted as Willeam of the Green Pants, the OED dates the first occurrance of the word pants to 1846. Barring evidence that the word pants occurs before 1600, it cannot be registered. Since the submitter will accept all changes, and since he obviously wants to be identified by his green pants, we have changed the byname to Grenetrewis, a hypothetical descriptive byname constructed from two 16th century Scots words, grene (green) and trewis (trews). [Willeam Grenetrewis, 03/04, A-West] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.03 | The form of the byname is also problematic. In February 1998, Laurel disallowed called the X style bynames in English. Lacking evidence of this style of byname was used in English names in our period, this construction continues to be a reason for return. [Karolyne, called the Wanderer, 03/04, R-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | Submitted as Aveline de Longueville, the submitter requested authenticity for 12th to 13th C Anglo-Norman and allowed minor changes.
Regarding the submitted byname, the LoI stated only:
This statement is not documentation for the submitted byname as it does not provide supporting evidence that Longueville is a location in Normandy, even modernly. Several members of the College researched this byname in order to aid the submitter. They found that Reaney & Wilson (s.n. Longueville) date Henry de Longauilla to 1185, Henry de Longavill' to 1229, and Thomas de Longevill to 1336. Based on these examples, de Longavilla is a likely form for her desired time period. No evidence was found for a Longue- form before 1509 (Reaney & Wilson, s.n. Longueville). We have changed the byname to the form de Longavilla in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Aveline de Longavilla, 03/2004, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | [...] This name includes a Hungarian masculine given name, Lorand, in an otherwise English name. Lacking evidence of significant contact between speakers of Hungarian and English in period, a name combining these languages is not registerable.
The submitter indicated that sound was most important to him. Colm Dubh's article "An Index to the Given Names in the 1292 Census of Paris" (http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/names/paris.html) lists Lorent de Tongues. As a name combining English and French is registerable, we have changed the Hungarian Lorand to the French Lorent to resolve the lingual combination issue in order to register this name. [Sabin Lorent Axstell of Mordaf, 03/2004, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | Submitted as Jocelyn Alexandra Axstall of Mordav, the submitter requested a female name and allowed any changes.
The documentation provided for the elements Jocelyn and Alexandra in the LoI was the statement that they were "listed at the Hundred Years War game site at <http://www.hyw.com/books/history/Legitima.htm>". This site is a particularly poor resource for our purposes and should be avoided. In the case of the name Jocelyn, all evidence found by the College showed that this name was only used as a masculine given name in period. Lacking evidence that Jocelyn was used as a feminine given name in our period, it is not registerable as a feminine given name. No documentation was provided to support Axstall as a variant of the documented Axstell. Lacking such evidence, Axstall is not registerable. We have changed this element to the documented form Axstell in order to register this name. No documentation was provided at all, either in the submission or in the LoI, for the element of Mordav. Black Pillar found that Ekwall (p. 330 s.n. Morda) dates the form Mordaf to 1295. As the submitter indicated that sound was most important to her, we have changed the submitted byname to use this form in order to register this name. This name combines a masculine given name, a feminine given name, an inherited surname, and a locative byname. The combination of the masculine and feminine given names is a problem:
Similarly, the submitted combination of Jocelyn Alexandra as given names is not registerable. As the submitter requested a feminine name, we have dropped the element Jocelyn in order to register this name. [Alexandra Axstell of Mordaf, 03/2004, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | Submitted as Ophelia Le Lavendere, there was some question regarding which forms of this byname would have been used in a woman's name in period.
The form la Lavendere 'the Laundress' would be the typical spelling used in a woman's name in 13th C England. Both la and Lavendere are feminine forms. Reaney & Wilson (p. 273 s.n. Lavender) show an example of this byname in the name Ysabelle la Lauendere, which they date to 1253. The corresponding masculine byname was le Lavender. An example of this form may be found in Bardsley (p. 471 s.n. Launder) in the name Peter le Lavender, which he dates to 1273. As the English language evolved, and byname usage also evolved, some variations are found, mainly in the forms bynames took when used in a woman's name. Documented examples include Ralf la Lavendere dated to 1268 in Reaney & Wilson (s.n. Lavender). This name shows a masculine given name with the feminine byname form la Lavendere. Cecelia la Lavender is dated to 1273 in Bardsley (p. 471 s.n. Launder). This example shows the feminine particle la with the masculine form Lavender. Examples of a woman's given name combined with a masculine form of a byname were discussed in the December 2001 LoAR:
These examples support a feminine given name combined with a byname that has a fully masculine form. However, no support was found for combining the masculine article le in an otherwise feminine byname. Therefore, support was found for Ophelia la Lavendere (fully feminine byname form), Ophelia le Lavender (fully masculine byname form), and Ophelia la Lavender (feminine article la, masculine form Lavender), but no support was found for Ophelia le Lavendere (masculine article le, feminine form Lavendere). Of these options, Ophelia le Lavender best retains the pronunciation that most modern English speakers would expect when seeing the submitted Le Lavendere. (In Middle English, the final e in Lavendere was not silent. Instead, it was pronounced approximately as a soft "eh" or "uh" sound.) As the submitter allows minor changes, we have changed this byname to the form le Lavender in order to register this name. [Ophelia le Lavender, 03/2004, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | Submitted as Shire of Bull Pytt, the submission mixed the Old English pytt with the late period English Bull. This combination is not registerable, as it violates RfS III.1.a, which require linguistic consistency within a name phrase (such as a placename). Siren was able to suggest possible registerable forms:
As Bull Pitte is the closest plausible Middle English form to the submitted Bull Pytt, we have changed the submitted name to that form to register it. [Bull Pitte, Shire of, 03/2004, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | Sudentor was submitted as Middle English with the documentation:
However, there are a couple of issues with the proposed form Sudentor. First, the example of Sudendune dated to the Domesday Book is Old English (or a Latinized form of an Old English placename). It is not Middle English. Second, the cited examples of Dunstore and Eofede torr support -tore as the second element in a dithematic placename and torr as the second word in a two element placename. Neither supports -tor as a Middle English deuterotheme (second half) of a dithematic (two-element, one-word) placename. As a result, the submitted form Sudentor is actually a mix of Old English and Middle English. RfS III.1.a requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase. Therefore, this name must be changed to a fully Old English or a fully Middle English form in order to be registerable. Ekwall (s.n. Siddington) dates the form Sudingdone to 1286, showing Suding- as a Middle English form of the earlier Suden-. Therefore, a fully Middle English form of this name would be Sudingtore. Ekwall (s.n. Dunster) dates the form Torre to the Domesday Book. Therefore, Sudentorre would be a form of this name consistent for the language of the Domesday Book (mainly Latinized Old English). Of these two forms, Sudentorre is closer than Sudingtore in sound and appearance to the submitted Sudentor. As the submitters allow minor changes, we have changed this name to the form Sudentorre in order to register this name. [Sudentorre, Canton of, 03/2004, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | This name is being returned for having two weirdnesses.
Iror is documented as an Old Norse masculine given name in Geirr Bassi (p. 12). As such, it is undated but appropriate for up to approximately 1100. The word insane was documented as an English word dated to 1550. Therefore, this name has one weirdness for combining Old Norse and Middle English and one weirdness for a temporal disparity of greater than 300 years. Any changes we could make in order to register this name would involve a complete change of the byname. The College found a number of options that may interest the submitter. As there are multiple options, and the form gives no indication of what is most important to the submitter, we are returning this name and providing the information found by the College so that the submitter may choose how he wishes to proceed. A ruling found in the January 1997 LoAR lists a number of period Middle English bynames with similar meanings to the Insane:
A name combining the Old Norse given name Iror with one of these bynames would have one weirdness for combining Old Norse and Middle English in a single name, but would not have a weirdness for temporal disparity since the elements would be dated less than 300 years apart. Therefore, such a name would be registerable with only one weirdness. [Iror the Insane, 03/2004, R-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.02 | Submitted as Bryan Gard of Yale, Yale was documented as an undated English placename. However, the College was unable to find evidence of a place that was known by the name Yale prior to 1600. Lacking such evidence, the byname of Yale is not registerable.
Reaney & Wilson (p. 507 s.n. Yale) dates Madog Yale to 1391. Therefore, we have dropped of in order to register this name using the form shown by Reaney & Wilson. [Bryan Gard Yale, 02/2004, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.02 | Submitted as Tristan Wrexham, the submitted spelling of the placename was undated. The submitter provided a variety of dated forms, but none justified the modern spelling Wrexham as a plausible period form. Therefore, we have changed the placename to the dated form that most closely matches the submitted spelling. [Tristan Wreccesham, 02/2004, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.02 | Submitted as Aelfwynn of Whitby, the submitter requested authenticity for 12th C English and allowed any changes. The submission form stated, "Submitter has used this form of the name for a long time; she'd appreciated it if spelling could be retained."
The form Ælfwynn is an Old English name, used by the Anglo-Saxons, which Searle (pp. 29-30 s.n. Ælfwynn) dates to the 10th C. No evidence was presented and none was found to support Aelfwynn as a variant spelling of Ælfwynn. Lacking such evidence, the form Aelfwynn is not registerable. A Middle English form of the name appropriate for the submitter's desired time period is Aluina, dated to 1206 in Talan Gwynek's "Feminine Given Names in A Dictionary of English Surnames" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/talan/reaney/). Whitby is the modern form of this placename, and may be a plausible spelling for the 16th C. Ekwall (s.n. Whitby) dates the forms Witebi to the Domesday Book, Witebia to c. 1100, Witeberia to c. 1150, Witebi to c. 1190, and Hwitebi to 1104-8. As submitted, this name combined the Old English name Ælfwynn (note that the name uses an aesh, Æ, not Ae-) with of Whitby, which uses a placename form that is dated to the 16th C or later. This name had one weirdness for combining Old English and Middle English within a name. Since the form Ælfwynn is dated no later than the 10th C and the form Whitby is dated no earlier than the 16th C, this name also had a weirdness for a temporal disparity of greater than 300 years. The combination of these two weirdnesses made the submitted form of this name unregisterable. Based on this information, Aluina of Witebi would be a fully Middle English form of this name appropriate for the submitter's desired time period of the 12th C. Since the submission form indicated that the submitter wished to retain the submitted spelling, we have made the minimal amount of changes necessary to register this name. The form Ælfwynn of Witebi combines the documented 10th C Old English form of the given name with a 12th C Middle English form of this byname. We have changed the name to this form to remove the weirdness for temporal disparity in order to register this name. [Ælfwynn of Witebi, 02/2004, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.02 | [House Bell and Frog] Submitted as House Bells and Frog, all of the examples found by the College of English sign names with the form [item] and [item] had both items as singular, rather than plural, even in cases where there were multiple items of one on the associated image. Therefore, lacking examples of plural items in sign names of this type, we have changed the plural Bells to the singular Bell in order to register this name. [Sely Bloxam, 02/2004, A-Artemisia] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.02 | [House of the Three Crescents] Submitted as House of the Triple Crescent, no documentation was presented and none was found to support the use of words such as Double or Triple in English sign names in period, rather than simple numbers such as Two or Three. Lacking such evidence, House of the Triple Crescent is not registerable.
We have changed this household name to House of the Three Crescents, as allowed by the submitter, in order to register this name. [Rabah az-Zafir, 02/2004, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.01 | Submitted as Wulfwyn atte Maeldun, the documentation showed the placename as Mældun, not Maeldun. We have made this correction.
This name combined the Middle English atte with the Old English placename Mældun and, so, violated RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase. We have changed atte to the Old English æt in order to make the byname fully Old English and register this name. [Wulfwyn æt Mældun, 01/2004, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.01 | The LoI noted that the submitter originally submitted the form Sam rather than Samuel. As that is the case, the submitter may wish to know that a period diminutive Samme was found by the College. Aryanhwy merch Catmael explains:
[Samuel Tynker, 01/2004, A-Outlands] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.01 | Submitted as Rohesia Moreleigh, the submitter requested authenticity for 12th to 14th C English and allowed minor changes. No documentation was presented and none was found that Moreleigh is a period form of this placename. The LoI stated that "Moreleigh is cited from P.H. Reaney & R.M. Wilson, Dictionary of English Surnames, pg 314, sub Morley, dating Moreleigh to 1377." This statement is in error. The name dated to 1377 at this location in Reaney & Wilson is Thomas Morleigh. We have changed the submitted byname to Morleigh to match this documentation and to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Rohesia Morleigh, 01/2004, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.01 | [Alternate name Molle Blythe] Submitted as Molly Blythe, no evidence was found of the form Molly in period. However, Metron Ariston found support for the form Molle:
As the submitter allows any changes, we have changed the given name to the period form Molle in order to register this name. [Maria Alegreza Nicoletti, 01/2004, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.01 | Listed on the LoI as Milissent Heathwait, this name was submitted as Milissent du Heathwait. The article du was removed at Kingdom as none of the documented examples of this byname contained an article.
An additional problem with the submitted byname du Heathwait was that it combined the French du 'of the' with Heathwait, which was documented as the modern English form of a location in England. The combination of French and English in a single name phrase violates RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase. No evidence was found that an Hea- spelling of this placename is plausible in period. A number of forms of this placename were found dated to period, including in Ekwall (s.n. Heathwaite), which dates the form Haithwait to c. 1175. We have changed this byname to the English form de Haithwait in order to resolve these issues and to make this name sound more like the submitted form (as the submitter indicated that sound was most important). [Milissent de Haithwait, 01/2004, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | Engelbert was documented as the name of a saint who was born in 1185. However, the Web site used for documentation of this name merely lists saints. Many such sources routinely normalize the names of saints and, so, do not support the headers used for saints' names as appropriate spellings in period, even for the time period in which that saint lived. The College found support for the spelling Engelbertus in France dated to a917-42. Engelbert is likely a vernacular form of Engelbertus. The section "From Pelican: Regarding the Registerability of Saints' Names", in the Cover Letter for the September 2001 LoAR, explains the conditions under which saints' names are registerable, including:
No evidence was provided and none was found that Englebert was used later than the 10th C, even as a reference to this saint. Lacking such documentation, Englebert must be evaluated as a 10th C French name. While documentation was presented showing that pious was a word in 1603, no documentation was presented and none was found that the word pious was used before 1600. Descriptive bynames using words documented only to late period or just post-period are problematic. By the 16th C, inherited surnames had replaced literal descriptive bynames. Therefore, it is highly improbable that (1) a literal descriptive byname would have been used circa 1600, and that (2) it would have used a word new to the English language. At this time, descriptive bynames of this type are registerable on a case by case basis depending upon the plausibility of the byname in question. As a result, this name combines a 10th C French name with a circa 1603 English descriptive byname. There is no weirdness for combining French and English in a name. Therefore, this name has a single weirdness for combining elements with a temporal disparity of greater than 300 years and is registerable. [Engelbert the Pious, 12/2003, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | [Heraldic title Blanc Gryffon Herald] Submitted as Blanc Gryphon Herald, The OED (s.n. Griffin) dates a number of spellings of this word to period including Griffon (1300s), Grifphon (1386), Griffoun (1400), Greffon (1435), Gryffon (1481), and Griphin. Further information from the herald for whom this title is intended indicates that, based on this information, she would prefer the period spelling Gryffon. We have made this change. [Ansteorra, Kingdom of, 12/2003, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | Submitted as Estrilda Le Siffleur, no documentation was presented and none was found supporting the byname as two separate words, both of which are capitalized. Therefore, we have lowercased le in order to follow documented forms of this type of byname and register this name. [Estrilda le Siffleur, 12/2003, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | Submitted as Grimmbrand the Hound Keeper, the spelling of the given name was justified based on words found in a dictionary of Anglo-Saxon. While the words grimm and brand are related to the name elements, the spelling grimm is not found in names. Instead, all the Anglo-Saxon names that the College found use Grim-. We have made that change to register the name.
Boar documented a byname meaning "one who takes care of hounds":
As no evidence was presented nor could any be found that the word keeper was used in period bynames to describe people who cared for animals, the Hound Keeper cannot be registered. We have therefore changed this name to the documentary form found by Boar. [Grimbrand Hundeman, 12/2003, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | Listed on the LoI as Bathsheba of Zigana, the submission form shows that this name was submitted as Bath-Sheba Zigana. [...]
Bathsheba was documented only as a name used in the Bible (Book of Samuel 11:3). Biblical names are registerable on a case by case basis according to the plausibility of their use in period. Metron Ariston provided information regarding documented period forms of this given name: [Bathsheba of Zigana, 12/2003, R-West] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | The only information provided on the LoI for this submission was:
This is inadequate and erroneous documentation. It is unclear where this documentation came from since the submission form contains no documentation at all. Reaney & Wilson (p. 372 s.n. Raven) do not date the form Raven to 1185. Rather, the form dated to 1185 in this entry is Rauen. No information was given as to why a placename of Oakwood is plausible based on the examples of Oakhurst and Oakleaf. Also, no documentation was provided for either Oakhurst or Oakleaf. As a result, they cannot support a hypothesized Oakwood, leaving the byname of Oakwood completely undocumented as submitted and as represented on the LoI. A further error in the LoI was the complete failure to note what changes the submitter would allow. In this case, the submitter allows no changes - which dramatically affects the options that the College might research. We would remind submission heralds that proper summarization of forms, including changes allowed by the submitter and requests for authenticity, is required as part of the LoI. Improper summarization of a submission is cause for return of that submission. The College of Arms has a limited amount of time and all of us are volunteers. Asking the College to evaluate names based on incomplete or entirely missing data is both unfair to the College and a disservice to the submitter. Members of the College researched the elements of this name in an attempt to aid the submitter. Aryanhwy merch Catmael provided information supporting elements of this name:
Orle provided other information supporting a form of Oakwood as a placename in period:
As no documentation was presented and none was found that the spelling Oakwood is plausible for a placename in period, we would have changed the submitted byname of Oakwood to one of the forms recommended by Aryanhwy or Orle in order to register this name. However, as the submitter allows no changes, we were unable to alter the byname to one of these forms. [Raven of Oakwood, 12/2003, R-West] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | The registerability of Brother as a given name was the topic of much discussion during the commentary process.
Reaney & Wilson (p. 68 s.n. Brothers) dates the names Broder, Brodor, and Brodre to 1066. As they are listed as single element names found in the Domesday Book, they are almost certainly used as given names. This entry also dates Willelmus filius Brother to 1202 and says that this name derives from:
While the use of this name in reference to kinsman and a guild member is as a descriptive byname, the existance of given name forms, including those cited from the Domesday Book, support the plausibility of Brother as a given name form. Additionally, E. H. Lind, Norsk-Islädska Dopnamn ock Fingerade Namm från Medeltiden, column 171, lists an entry for the given name Bróðir and lists examples of forms of this name found in the 14th and 15th C, providing additional support for forms of this name used as given names. Based on this information, Brother is plausible as a given name form in period. As such, it is registerable when it does not appear to be a form of address. When used as a form of address, Brother is still not registerable (as is true for all forms of address), though the submitter may use it:
In this case, Brother does not appear to be a form of address because it is followed by Liston, which can only be a locative byname or an inherited surname. Therefore, Brother must be the given name in this submission. [Brother Liston Brounyng, 11/2003, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | Submitted as Dwynwen of Eldestawe, the byname was documented from O.J. Padel's Cornish Placenames. However, this source is not on the no-photocopy list and no photocopies of this information were included. As the College was unable to confirm that the information was as cited, this byname cannot be registered.
While the submitter allows only minor changes, she explicitly allowed her byname to be changed to the modern form Padstow if the submitted form could not be registered. As Padstow is found in Speed's The Counties of Britain (map of Cornwall, map dated to 1610), it may be registered in that spelling. We have, therefore, made this change. [Dwynwen of Padstow, 11/2003, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | Submitted as Normand Hauberker, the only evidence for Normand as a given name is Reginaldus filius Normandi (dated to 1220 in Reaney and Wilson s.n. Norman). The many citations of Normand as a byname are derived from a descriptive byname, not the given name. However, it is not clear if this Latinized form reflects a given name Normand or is influenced by the locative byname spelling. All documented vernacular forms and all other Latinized forms clearly support the spelling Norman. Barring clearer evidence, Normand is not registerable as a given name.
The submitter hypothesized an occupational byname Hauberker, for a person who makes hauberks. However, there is an occupational byname for someone who makes hauberks, Hauberger or Haubergier, derived from the French term. We have changed the byname to a documented period form in order to register this name. [Norman Hauberger, 11/2003, A-Ealdormere] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | Listed on the LoI as Emelyn le Settere, this name was submitted as Emelyn la Settere. The submitter requested authenticity for 14th C English, and the byname was changed at Kingdom to match documented forms for that time. However, the College was able to find 14th C examples of women's occupational bynames using the article la, including Alice la Sopere and Alice la Goldar, from The Taxpayers of Medieval Gloucestershire: An Analysis of the 1327 Lay Subsidy Roll with a New Edition of its Text, and Emma la Sapere in Reaney and Wilson (s.n. Soper). Given these examples, Emelyn la Settere is an authentic name for 14th C England. Therefore, we have changed this name back to the originally submitted form. [Emelyn la Settere, 11/2003, A-Northshield] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | Listed on the LoI as Fortune Fetherstone, the name was submitted as Ffortune Ffetherstone. Initial ff- normally appears in English documents with both letters in lowercase and in fact appears to be a notation equivalent to F-. However, Metron Ariston was able to find evidence that the spelling Ff- was used in the late 16th century, for example in the record "Alison Ffetherston, wyffe of Silvester Ffetherstone was buryed the xth daye [of February 1586]" (from a scanned transcription of a nineteenth-century publication of the parish register of All Saints, Roos, Holderness in the East Riding of Yorkshire for the period 1571 through 1679 at http://www.pcug.org.au/~bthompso/roos/p18-37.txt). While it is possible that the editor changed the capitalization, this is sufficient to give the submitter benefit of the doubt, particularly since the -ff- notation is also used in the middle of the word wyffe. [Ffortune Ffetherstone, 11/2003, A-Northshield] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | Submitted as William Scott of Blackwater Fen, the submitter requested that his name be made authentic for 15th C England. The College could find no evidence of locative bynames formed from multi-word placenames. A person from Blackwater Fen would have simply been known as of Blackwater. Therefore, we have made this change in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [William Scott of Blackwater, 11/2003, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | Submitted as Gunnora Lovitt of Bucknell, no evidence was presented nor could any be found that the submitted spelling Bucknell was found for this placename in period. The closest form that the College could find was the spelling Buchnell found in Speed's The Counties of Britain (map of Shropshire) in 1610. We have changed this name to this documented form in order to register this name. [Gunnora Lovitt of Buchnell, 11/2003, A-Northshield] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | No evidence was presented, nor could any be found, that Bearcroft is a plausible period spelling of the place documented as Bercroft in 1274 (Reaney and Wilson s.n. Barcroft). Siren said:
As the submitter allows no changes, we cannot change the byname to one of the forms suggested by Siren in order to register this name. [Gareth Bearcroft, 11/2003, R-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Listed on the LoI as Charles of Amesbury, this name was submitted as Friar Charles de Amesbury, Wiltshire. The name was changed at Kingdom to match available documentation.
Friar falls into the same category as Brother. Both are titles or forms of address which carry no implicit assertion of rank. Brother as a form of address was recently discussed:
Similarly, this submitter is welcome to use Friar as his preferred form of address. A man whose byname indicated he was from Amesbury in Wilshire would have been called simply de Amesbury or of Amesbury. As the submitter allows any changes, we have changed this byname to de Amesbury to use a construction documented to period while retaining the submitter's indicated meaning for his byname. [Charles de Amesbury, 10/2003, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Submitted as Sely Bloxsom, no documentation was presented and none was found that Bloxsom is a plausible period variant of Bloxam. Bloxam is dated in Reaney and Wilson (s.n. Bloxam) to 1279 in the name of Alexander de Bloxam. We have changed the byname to use the period form Bloxam in order to register this name. [Sely Bloxam, 10/2003, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | The submitter requested authenticity for Ireland, but allowed no changes. This submission combines a Middle Irish Gaelic (c. 900 to c. 1200) given name with an English byname that is plausible for the late 13th C or early 14th C. In period, a child of mixed Anglo-Norman and Gaelic parentage would have had his name recorded completely in Gaelic or completely in English (or Anglicized Irish) depending upon the language of the record in which his name was recorded. Additionally, while evidence has been found of Anglo-Norman given names being adopted into use by Gaels, evidence has not yet been found of Gaelic given names being used in families with Anglo-Norman surnames.
Lacking evidence that the name elements Cael and Saunders were in use in Ireland during the same time period, and lacking evidence that Gaelic and English would have been combined in period in this manner, this name is not authentic for the submitter's requested culture. [Cael Saunders, 10/2003, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Submitted as Arthur of Ballan Moor, the submitter allowed minor changes only. The placename Ballan Moor was justified as the modern name of a ruined castle in Wales. The College could find no documentation that the name was used in period.
However, it is possible to construct a possible placename using these elements. The period form of the surname appears to be Ballon; the College could not find evidence that the spelling Ballan was used before 1600. Based on similar placenames, the byname needs to take a possessive form, and the most likely spelling for the second element is -more, giving the spelling Ballonesmore. We have changed the location Ballan Moor to the plausible period spelling Ballonesmore in order to register this name. [Arthur of Ballonesmore, 10/2003, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Submitted as Iohne Mac Dhaidh, the submission form noted that if the submitter's name must be changed, the submitter indicated that meaning was most important to him and indicated his desired meaning of 'Scotts[sic] for John Dade - Gunn sept'.
The surname Dade derives from two sources - one English and one Irish. Metron Ariston provided information regarding the English surname Dade:
Woulfe (p. 348 s.n. Mac Daibhéid) lists Dade as a modern Anglicized Irish form of Mac Daibhéid, which means 'son of David'. No documentation was provided to support the submitted spelling Mac Dhaidh as a plausible name in period. Lacking such evidence, Mac Dhaidh is not registerable. On its surface, Mac Dhaidh appears to be Modern Gaelic (c. 1700 to present). An Early Modern Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form of this name would be Mac Dabhídh. We have changed the byname to this form in order to register this name. As submitted, this name combines Iohne, which is Scots (a language closely related to English), with a Gaelic byname. As the submitter indicated a desire for a Scottish name meaning 'John Dade', he may wish to know about Scots forms of this byname which would have the meaning 'son of David' and which would match the language of his submitted given name Iohne. Black's Surnames of Scotland (s.nn. David, Davidson, Davie, Davies, Daw, Dawes, Dawson, Day, Deasson, MacCavat, MacDavid, MacDawy) lists a number of Scots names that derived from bynames meaning 'son of David' (including diminutives of David, such as Davy, et cetera). The forms listed by Black in these entries are too many to provide a complete list here. Of the dated names listed in these entries, MacDavid (1562) and M'Cade (1547), found in Black under the header MacDavid, are the closest in sound and appearance to the submitted Mac Dhaidh. [Iohne Mac Dabhídh, 10/2003, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Listed on the LoI as Pedrog Sylvrbeard, this name was submitted as Pedrog ap Sylvrbeard and was changed at Kingdom because the submitted byname combined the Welsh ap and the English Sylvrbeard in a single name phrase and, so, violated RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase. The submitter requested authenticity for 10th C "Welch/Norse [sic]" and allowed any changes.
Sylvrbeard was submitted as a constructed English byname. However, no support was provided for either the spelling Sylvr- or -beard in period. All of the period examples of bynames including forms of the elements 'silver' and 'beard' found by the College had the 'silver' element spelled as Silver- or Sylver- and the 'beard' element spelled as -berd. Lacking evidence that Sylvrbeard is a plausible form in period, we have changed the byname to the form Sylverberd in order to register this name. The submitter requested authenticity for 10th C "Welch/Norse". Lacking evidence that any of these elements are authentic for the 10th C in either Welsh or Old Norse, we were unable to make this name authentic for the submitter's requested time and languages. Additionally, support for a name mixing Welsh and Norse was not provided. As this issue was not addressed in this submission, we are declining to rule on the registerability of a name including Welsh and Norse elements at this time. Since the submitted name combines Welsh and English, which has been ruled on previously, we are registering this name as a mix of Welsh and English. [Pedrog Sylverberd, 10/2003, A-Ansteorra] [Pedrog Sylverberd, 10/2003, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Submitted as Robert de Bury atte Okeforde, the submitter allowed any changes. As submitted, this name contained two locative bynames that both contained prepositions (de and atte). Lacking evidence that such constructions were used in period, they have previously been ruled to be reason for return:
Based on this construction pattern, we have changed this name to the form Robert Bury atte Okeforde in order to register this name. Aryanhwy merch Catmael found examples of two marked locative bynames used in Latin records:
The examples found by Aryanhwy are unusual and involve names that are recorded in completely Latin forms. Based on the Latin forms found in Reaney & Wilson (s.nn. Ashford, Oakley), Okeford is a plausible Latin form. Therefore, Robertus de Bury de Okeford would be a fully Latin form of this name that would follow the period construction pattern found by Aryanhwy and, so, would be registerable. [Robert Bury atte Okeforde, 10/2003, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Submitted as Stella of Lundeia, the submitter requested authenticity for the 12th to 14th C and allowed minor changes. The byname of Lundeia combined the English of with the Latin Lundeia and, so, violated RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase.
Ekwall (p. 307 s.n. Lundy Island) dates the Latin form Lundeia to 1189 and the English form Lunday to 1281. Reaney & Wilson (p. 288 s.n. Lundy) dates Walter de Lundy to 1305 and John of Lundy to 1499. Based on this information, a fully Latin form of this byname would be de Lundeia. Fully English forms of this byname would be of Lunday, de Lunday, of Lundy, and de Lundy. Of these forms, the last two English forms, of Lundy and de Lundy, would best match the time period in which Stella was found. (The submitter's documentation shows Stella as dated to 1379.) As the submitter only allows minor changes, and changing the language of a name phrase is a major change, we were unable to change the Latin Lundeia to an English form in order to match the time period for Stella. Changing the language of a particle, such as of, is a minor change rather than a major since the particle is not the substantive part of the byname. Therefore, we have changed the byname to the completely Latin form de Lundeia in order to register this name. [Stella de Lundeia, 10/2003, A-Ansteorra] [Stella de Lundeia, 10/2003, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Submitted as Alise Whenby, the byname Whenby is a locative byname formed from a place of that name. However, all of the examples found by the CoA of this placename dated to period, were spelled Qu-. Lacking evidence that Whenby is a plausible period variant, it is not registerable. Ekwall (p. 488 s.n. Whenby) dates the form Queneby to 1235. We have changed the byname to use this form in order to register this name. [Alise Queneby, 10/2003, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Submitted as Orianna De
L'Isle, the submitter requested authenticity for early 14th C England, specifically "Yorkish".
Withycombe (p. 234 s.n. Oriana) states that "Oriana Palfreyman of W. Toynton, Lincs., was excommunicated in 1602." As such, we have only a single example of this name used for a real woman who was probably born in the late 16th C. Given this information, we were unable to make this name authentic for the submitter's requested time period. Lacking evidence that the form Orianna is plausible in period, we have changed this to the documented form Oriana. No documentation at all was provided for the byname De L'Isle on the LoI. Submission heralds are reminded that lack of documentation continues to be a reason for return. Multiple members of the College researched this byname and we thank them for their efforts. No evidence was found that the submitted De L'Isle is a plausible period form. Reaney & Wilson (p. 281 s.n. Lisle) dates Robert del Ile to 1311. We have changed the byname to this form in order to make the byname authentic for the submitter's requested time period and to register this name. [Oriana del Ile, 10/2003, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Submitted as Idonie Tait, the documentation for Idonie provided in the LoI was:
The photocopy of this page provided by the submitter shows that the text around the edge of the seal is: SIGILLVM IDONIE DE HURST. The caption for this illustration begins, "The seal of Idonia de Hurst, lady of Broomhil, Kent, late twelfth century." Idonia is the nominative form of this name. (A woman's given name uses the nominative case in her name.) Due to Latin grammar, this name takes the genitive form Idonie when it follows the word Sigullum in the text of this seal, which can be normalized as Sigullum Idonie de Hurst meaning 'The seal of Idonia de Hurst'. Lacking evidence that the form Idonie would have been used as a woman's name in the nominative case, we have changed this name to the nominative form Idonia in order to register this name. [Idonia Tait, 10/2003, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Silvia was documented as a name used by Shakespeare in Two Gentlemen of Verona. As such, it is registerable under the guidelines for use of literary names found in the Cover Letter to the February 1999 LoAR. [Silvia Wilkinson, 10/2003, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.09 | Submitted as Tukka Kirk, there were issues with the documentation for Tukka and with the combination of languages in this name.
The given name Tukka was documented from Reaney & Wilson (p. 456 s.n. Tuck). However, this entry gives no dated examples of Tukka. Instead, this entry states, "... the frequent occurrence of the personal name in the 12th and 13th centuries suggests that we have an Anglo-Scand. *Tukka, a pet-form of ON Þorketil." None of the dated forms listed in this entry end in an a. Metron Ariston explains the notation in this entry, "[T]he discussion in the location cited in Reaney and Wilson [s.n. Tuck] presumes an unattested Tukka derived from the Old Norse. (The asterisk is a dead giveaway!)" Adding to the uncertainty of the form Tukka theorized by Reaney & Wilson is the information in Bardsley (s.n. Tuck), which cites Toka from a Latin entry in the Domesday Book: "'liber homo Stigandi Toka Francigine' (?Toka the Frenchman)". Based on this information, Tukka is, at best, an unattested Old English name formed as a diminutive of an Old Norse name. The byname Kirk was documented as appropriate for 15th to 16th C Scots (a language closely related to English). Combining Old English and Scots in a name has been previously been ruled to be reason for return (Dunno Jamesson, LoAR of March 2002). Reaney & Wilson (s.n. Tuck) date Tukke faber to 1101-7. As the submitter allows any changes, we have changed the given name to the Middle English Tukke in order to register this name. The submitter may wish to know that, since a final e is not silent in Middle English, the form Tukke would be pronounced approximately "TUH-keh" - fairly similar to a modern pronunciation of Tukka. [Tukke Kirk, 09/2003, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.09 | Listed on the LoI as Meurig Oglyn, the form listed this name as Meuric Orglyn. The given name was changed at Kingdom to match a documented form. Metron Ariston found that:
Given these examples, the submitted form Meuric is reasonable as a given name. No documentation was presented and none was found that the submitted byname Orglyn is a plausible period form. Therefore, we have changed this byname to o'r glyn to match the submitted documentation in order to register this name. [Meuric o'r glyn, 09/2003, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.09 | Listed on the LoI as Celia the Fair, this name was submitted as Caelia the Fair and changed at Kingdom at the submitter's instruction.
No documentation was provided supporting Celia as a name used in period. However, support for Celia was found by Sommelier for an earlier submission and was included in the December 2002 LoAR:
Based on this information, we are registering this name in the submitter's desired form. [Celia the Fair, 09/2003, A-Lochac] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.09 | Listed on the LoI as William Hethfeld, this name was submitted as William Heatherfield. The byname was changed at Kingdom because no support was found for Heatherfield as a placename, while Ekwall (s.n. Heathfield) dates the form Hethfeld to 1275 and gives the meaning of this placename as "Open land overgrown with heather". The submitter requested authenticity for 15th C English and allowed minor changes.
Metron Ariston found a reference to a place named Heatherfield in Sussex:
Speed's The Counties of Britain (p. 175, map of Sussex, map dated 1610) shows the name of this place as Heathfeild. Bardsley (p. 371 s.n. Heathfield) dates Thomas Hethfeld to 1 Edw. III (1327-1328). Therefore, we have examples of this placename dated before and after the submitter's desired time period. We can interpolate a 15th C form by comparing the elements to other dated names. Mills (p. 165 s.n. Heathrow) dates La Hetherewe to c. 1410. Reaney & Wilson (p. 167 s.n. Field) dates Baldwin Felde to 1428. Based on these names, a 15th C form of this name would be Hethefelde. We have changed the byname to this form in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [William Hethefelde, 09/2003, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.09 | Listed on the LoI as Dirk Tréfeller, this name was submitted as Dirk Treefeller. The byname was changed to a constructed French byname at Kingdom because no documentation was found for the submitted Treefeller. The submitter is most interested in having it sound like "Dirk Tree-feller" and allows all changes.
The constructed Tréfeller was submitted with the meaning 'feller of a subdivision of a parish' or 'three cracks/splits'. Insufficient documentation was found to support this constructed name as following period patterns of French bynames in period. Further, Tréfeller would not be pronounced as "Tree-feller". Bardsley (s.n. Tree) dates Eliz. Tree to 1583. Reaney & Wilson (p. 166 s.n. Feller) dates Robert le Felur to 1275. There is evidence of occupational bynames used without articles, such as le 'the'. Therefore, this name is registerable as Dirk Tree Felur, which is nearly identical to the submitter's desired pronunciation of "Dirk Tree-feller". [Dirk Tree Felur, 09/2003, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.09 | This name was submitted as a constructed English placename formed from variant spellings of elements found in A. H. Smith, English Place-Name Elements; specifically: Ful- (from the Old English fugol, meaning 'bird', p. 188; or from the Old English f{u-}l, meaning 'foul', p. 189), Cann (from the Old English canne, meaning 'a depression, a hollow, a deep valley' in this usage, p. 80), and Forge (from the Old French Forge, Middle English Forge, meaning 'a forge, a smithy', p. 184).
The LoI stated that the examples of placenames listed in these entries in Smith, while undated, were pre-15th C. However, no support for this statement, such as photocopies of relevant pages explaining the dating of the placenames in these entries, were included among the photocopies pages from Smith included with this submission. Included in the submitted documentation, Smith (p. 188 s.n. fugol) identifies a location named Volehouse in Devonshire, and (p. 80 s.n. canne) identifes a location named Howcans in Yorkshire West Riding. These references are important because they each support a portion of the construction of the submitted name. Volehouse demonstrates a shift from Ful- to Vole- for the first element desired by the submitters. Howcans supports -cans as a deuterotheme and as a plural form for the second element desired by the submitters. However, the College was unable to find either of these placenames in a number of standard sources, including Ekwall and Mills. An entry, full-nautr, on one of the photocopied pages (p. 189) references Ekwall and, so, allows us to compare the forms of placenames listed in this entry to those included in Ekwall. This entry in Smith reads:
The corresponding entry in Ekwall (4th ed., p. 183 s.n. Follingsby) lists Fonaby, Fulletby, and Fulnetby as subheaders, but does not date these spellings to period. This information casts doubt on the reliability of the cited Volehouse and Howcans as forms used in period. The submitters allowed any changes. Therefore, the first issue could be resolved by changing the submitted Vul- to the documented form Ful-. However, the only support for -cans was the reference in Smith to a place named Howcans. Lacking support that Howcans is a plausible form in period, it can not support the spelling -cans as a deuterotheme in the submitted placename. Therefore, we must return this submission. [Vulcans Forge, Canton of, 09/2003 LoAR, R-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.08 | The byname of Sandy Stream was documented as a constructed byname. However, no evidence was provided that stream was used as an element in placenames.
Sandy is a placename, dated as Sandeie to 1086 in Mills (s.n. Sandy). There is a pattern of English placenames created by appending surnames to existing placenames. Examples of this include Chilton Foliot 1221 (Mills, p. 78 s.n. Chilton), Northone Brun c. 1266 (Mills, p. 244 s.n. Norton), and Saunford Peverel 1275 (Mills, p. 284 s.n. Sampford). As Stream is a surname, dated to 1279 in the form ate Streme (Reaney & Wilson, s.n. Stream), a location Sandy located on or near an estate owned by the Stream family could come to be known as Sandy Stream. [Leah of Sandy Stream, 08/2003 LoAR, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.08 | Submitted as David of the woods, no documentation was presented nor could any be found supporting the use of the word woods in a byname, as opposed to the singular wood. In addition, all dated forms of this byname had the Wood element capitalized. We have therefore changed the byname to a form dated to 1285 in Reaney and Wilson (s.n. Wood). [David of the Wode, 08/2003 LoAR, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.08 | Submitted as College of Southern Crossewaies, this name had two problems.
First, while evidence was offered that the adjective southern was used as a word, no evidence was presented, nor could any be found, that an English placename would be formed by adding Southern, rather than South, to the name of an existing placename. We have changed Southern to South in order to register this name. Second, no evidence was presented nor could any be found for the use of the plural -waies in a placename. The single period OED citation of crosse-waies, dated to 1590, clearly refers to multiple locations, not a single place. Lacking evidence that the plural -waies would be used in an English placename, we have changed the plural Crossewaies to the singular Crossewaie in order to register this name. [South Crossewaie, College of, 08/2003 LoAR, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | Submitted as Catherine Anne Applebee, Applebee is a header form found in Reaney & Wilson (s.n. Appleby). In most cases, header forms are plausible for period and so are registerable. However, precedent (most notably regarding modern forms in Ó Corráin & Maguire) has ruled that header forms which are modern might not be registerable. This has been handled on a case by case basis. In this instance, no evidence was found that -bee is a period variant of -by in placenames in period. Lacking such evidence, the form Applebee is not registerable. The closest form to the submitted Applebee that was found was in F. K. & S. Hitching, References to English Surnames in 1601 and 1602 (p. xxv), which dates the form Applebey to 1602. We have changed the byname to this form in order to register this name. [Catherine Anne Applebey, 07/2003 LoAR, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | No evidence was provided to support adding Sands to the end of an existing placename. However, there is a pattern in English, during the late Middle Ages and Renaissance, of placenames formed by appending a toponymic to a surname. Siren found some examples of this type of placename in A. D. Mills, Oxford Dictionary of London Place Names, including: Aldborough Hacche c. 1490 (s.n. Aldborough Hatch), Culling Deepe 1584 (s.n. Colindale), Coanie hatch 1593 (s.n. Colney Hatch), Fygmershe c. 1530 (s.n. Figge's Marsh), Gallion Reache 1588 (s.n. Gallions Reach), and Gallion Nesse 1588 (s.n. Gallions Reach).
As Desert is a surname, dated to 28 Henry III in the form le Desert and to 20 Edward I in the form del Desert (Bardsley s.n. Desert), a sandy place (Reaney & Wilson s.n. Sand) located on or near an estate owned by the Desert family could come to be known as Desert Sands. [Desert Sands, Stronghold of, 07/2003 LoAR, A-Drachenwald] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | There was some question about the plausibility of Rivers Run as a constructed placename following English placename models. There is a pattern in English, during the late Middle Ages and Renaissance, of placenames formed by appending a toponymic to a surname. Siren found some examples of this type of placename in A. D. Mills, Oxford Dictionary of London Place Names, including: Aldborough Hacche c. 1490 (s.n. Aldborough Hatch), Culling Deepe 1584 (s.n. Colindale), Coanie hatch 1593 (s.n. Colney Hatch), Fygmershe c. 1530 (s.n. Figge's Marsh), Gallion Reache 1588 (s.n. Gallions Reach), and Gallion Nesse 1588 (s.n. Gallions Reach).
Rivers is a surname dated to 1327 in the form Riuer (Reaney & Wilson, s.n. Rivers) and dated to 1602 in the form Rivers (F. K. & S. Hitching, References to English Surnames in 1601 and 1602, p. lxxi). The LoI included documentation for Run as an English toponymic referring to a clearing or log footbridge and provided dated examples of this element used in locative bynames:
Therefore, a clearing or log footbridge located on or near an estate owned by the Rivers family could come to be known as Rivers Run. [Rivers Run, Canton of, 07/2003 LoAR, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | No documentation was presented and none was found to support the spelling Steavenson as a plausible form in period. As the submitter allows no changes, we were unable to change this byname to the documented Stevenson in order to register this name. [Richard Steavenson, 07/2003 LoAR, R-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | Submitted as Robin of the Rosewood, Rosewood was documented as a placename rather than as a general toponymic. Therefore, of the Rosewood is no more plausible than of the London. This name is registerable as Robin of Rosewood or as Robin Rosewood. The submitter noted Robin Rosewood as a preferred alternate if Robin of the Rosewood was not registerable. Therefore, we have changed this name to Robin Rosewood in order to register this name. [Robin Rosewood, 07/2003 LoAR, A-West] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | Submitted as Allyne Strangwych, all period examples found for this given name are spelled with one l. We have made this change. [Alyne Strangwych, 07/2003 LoAR, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.06 | Listed on the LoI as Gwineth Llyn Lloyd, this name was submitted as Gwineth Llyn Brith. The LoI noted that the constructed placename was intended to mean 'Gray Pond'. Kingdom found that brith more usually means 'speckled', rather than 'gray', and so forwarded the name using llwyd 'gray' which appears more frequently in placenames.
Unfortunately, the hypothecized Llyn Lloyd combines Welsh and English in a single name phrase (in this case, the placename Llyn Lloyd) and, so, violates RfS III.1.a. Metron Ariston explains:
We have changed the locative byname to use the form of this placename suggested by Metron Ariston in order to place the entire byname in a single language and to make its construction follow period examples. [Gwineth Llynllwyd, 06/2003 LoAR, A-Ealdormere] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.06 | [Guild name Guild of the Gilded Spoon] No documentation was presented and none was found that Gilded would have been used as an adjective in a construction (including a sign name) that could be used as a model for a guild name. Lacking such evidence, this name is not registerable. [Starkhafn, Barony of, 06/2003 LoAR, R-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.06 | Submitted as Anneke Grove of Scammonden, Ekwall (p. 406 s.n. Scammonden) dates Scambanden to 1275. Lacking evidence that the -b- was dropped from the name of this location in period, we have changed the locative byname to use the dated form, as allowed by the submitter, in order to register this name. [Anneke Grove of Scambanden, 06/2003 LoAR, A-West] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.06 | There was some question regarding the registerability of this name because Uther was submitted as a Welsh given name in an otherwise German name. Names combining Welsh and German have been ruled unregisterable (Anton Cwith, 08/01, A-Ansteorra).
The name Uther is found in Sir Thomas Mallory's Le Morte d'Arthur as the name of Arthur's father. As such, is is a literary name known in English. Precedent allows registration of Arthurian names:
Therefore, this name is registerable as an English given name in an otherwise German name. Combining English and German in a name is registerable, though it is a weirdness. [Uther Schiemann der Hunt, 06/2003 LoAR, A-West] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.06 | Listed on the LoI as Megge Gwyneth, this name was submitted as Meg Gwyneth. The submitter allowed Meg to be changed to Megge (which is dated to 1273 in Reaney & Wilson, p. 305 s.n. Meggs) if no documentation could be found for the form Meg. Kingdom was unable to find documentation for Meg as a period form and so made this change.
Crescent found documentation for Meg in Scots (a language closely related to English):
As the spelling Meg was most important to the submitter, and she had no request for authenticity, we have used the documentation found by Crescent in order to register the submitter's desired spelling of Meg. [Meg Gwyneth, 06/2003 LoAR, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.06 | Ethan was documented as "a biblical name, [...] found in I Kings 4:31 as well as the 89th Psalm." There was some question regarding the registerability of Ethan as a late period English name since no evidence could be found that Ethan was one of the Biblical names that came into use in England after the Reformation. Given the number of Biblical names that came into use in England at that time, and given that we know of no reason that the name Ethan would not have been included among the Biblical names adopted at that time, we are giving the submitter the benefit of the doubt and registering this name. [Ethan Stewart, 06/2003 LoAR, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.06 | Listed on the LoI as Leo Bertran Benton, this name was submitted as Leo Bertrand Benton. The submitter requested authenticity for an unspecified language/culture and allowed minor changes.
Leo and Benton were documented as English. Evidence was only found for the submitted Bertrand as a French form. The corresponding English form of this name is Bertran. Based on the submitted documentation, Leo Bertran de Benton would be an authentic form of this name for 12th to 13th C English. In this case, Bertran would be a patronymic byname and de Benton would be a locative byname. The submitter does not allow major changes. Changing the French Bertrand to the English Bertran is a language change, and therefore a major change, which the submitter does not allow. Therefore, we have left this element in the submitted French form. We have changed the final element to de Benton which is dated to 1234 in Reaney & Wilson (s.n. Benton) in order to partially meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Leo Bertrand de Benton, 06/2003 LoAR, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.06 | Submitted as Damaris of Norlan, all of the period forms of this byname found by the College retained the -d. Lacking evidence that dropping of the -d is plausible in period, we have added it in order to register this name. [Damaris of Norland, 06/2003 LoAR, A-Trimaris] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.06 | Submitted as Candace Margreta van Zanten, the submitter provided documentation for Candace as an English given name from c. 1624. The LoI summarizes the original reason for return of the submitter's name along with the new documentation:
This example is sufficient to grant the submitter the benefit of the doubt on this name. It must be noted that Candace, like Regina, was used as a title. Therefore, it may be used as a given name "provided there is no suggestion of territorial claim or explicit assertion of rank" (RfS VI.1). Specifications regarding a "suggestion of territorial claim or explicit assertion of rank" were included in the precedent:
In a similar manner, Candace must be the first element of the Society name, which it is in the submitted name, and Candace "may not be followed by any translation of 'of X,' where X is a place name, as that could indicate that the person was queen of that place." In the submitted name, van Zanten means 'of Zanten', and so violates the requirement that Candace not be followed by any translation of 'of [placename]'. Effectively, the submitted name translates to 'Queen Margaret of Zanten', and, so, is not registerable. We have dropped the particle van 'of' in order to remove the suggestion of territorial claim. [Viola Thornhaven, 06/2003 LoAR, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.05 | This name combines two English given names with a Scots byname. As there is no weirdness for use of two given names in English, this name only has one weirdness, for combining English and Scots, and so is registerable. [Rachael Catherine McLellan, 05/2003 LoAR, A-Ealdormere] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.05 | Submitted as Aodhan Longshafts, the submitter requested authenticity for the 10th C (no culture specified) and allowed any changes. The LoI stated that:
This statement, along with the attached letter, provides no evidence that Longshafts is a reasonable period byname. Lacking such evidence, it is not registerable. Aryanhwy merch Catmael found examples of names using Long- with the name of a weapon or tool:
Reaney & Wilson (s.n. Sharparrow) date Robert Sharparu to 1364, John Scherparowe to 1448, and William Sharparrow to 1568. From these examples, Longarrow is a reasonable English byname in the 16th C. We have changed the submitted byname to this form in order to register this name. The submitter requested authenticity for the 10th C, but did not specify a desired language or culture. This name combines an Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) given name with a Middle English byname. In the 10th C, the language spoken in England was Old English and the language spoke in Ireland was Middle Irish Gaelic (c. 900 to c. 1200). The Middle Irish form of this given name is Áedán. We were unable to find an Irish Gaelic byname, in any time period, with the submitter's desired meaning. We were also unable to find support for a byname with this meaning in Old English. Therefore, we were unable to make this name authentic for the submitter's desired time period. Rather than create a temporal disparity in this name, we have left the given name in the submitted form rather than change it to the Middle Irish form Áedán. [Aodhan Longarrow, 05/2003 LoAR, A-Ealdormere] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.05 | Submitted as Alan of Roseleah, Roseleah was submitted as a hypothetical variant of the documented location Rosley (Ekwall, p. 374 s.n. Rosley). The submitted Roseleah combines the Middle English Rose- and the Old English -leah and so violated RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase. The LoI stated that the "[s]ubmitter allowed the change to the better-documented form, and would allow changes to a form including 'rose', but no other changes." This statement provides support that the change made at Kingdom was one allowed by the submitter. Therefore, we are registering this name in the form listed on the LoI. [Alan of Rosley, 05/2003 LoAR, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.05 | Submitted as Constance of White Birch, all of the period examples found of placenames that combine White with a type of tree show the placename as a single word. Therefore, we have changed the location in the submitted byname to Whitebirch to follow documented period patterns in order to register this name. [Constance of Whitebirch, 05/2003 LoAR, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | No evidence was presented, nor could any be found, that the Wylds is a plausible placename in period. Not all surnames of location are based on placenames; some are based on generic descriptions, such as 'woods' and 'well.' Wild appears to be this type of generic description. There is a modern placename Wild found in Ekwall, but period spellings do not include the final d, suggesting it is derived from wile, 'trick, contrivance' (such as a windmill or trap).
One pattern for naming colleges in period is to name them after the surname of their founder and benefactor; examples include Merton Colledge and Balliol Colledge, found in this form in Speed's The Counties of Britain (pp. 146-7, map of Oxfordshire, map dated 1605) This suggests that Wyld College would be a reasonable name for a college in period. Changing the order of significant elements in a name is a major change, which the submitting branch does not allow. Therefore, we are unable to change this name to Wyld College in order to register this name. [Wylds, College of the, 04/2003 LoAR, R-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | Submitted as Cassandra de Skardeburgh, no evidence was found to support an Sk-, rather than an Sc-, form of this placename in English. We have changed this name to follow documented examples in order to register this name. [Cassandra de Scardeburgh, 04/2003 LoAR, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | Submitted as Marsaili Johnston of Lochwood Moss, documentation was provided for a placename of Lockwood and a toponymic Moss. No evidence was found to support Lochwood as a variant of the documented Lockwood (Reaney & Wilson, s.n. Lockwood). Lacking support for the form Lochwood, we have changed this element to a documented form in order to register this name.
No evidence was provided to support adding Moss to the end of an existing placename, particularly one that already incorporates the toponymic element -wood. However, there is a pattern of English placenames created by appending surnames to existing placenames. Examples of this include Chilton Foliot 1221 (Mills, p. 78 s.n. Chilton), Northone Brun c. 1266 (Mills, p. 244 s.n. Norton), and Saunford Peverel 1275 (Mills, p. 284 s.n. Sampford). As Moss is a surname, dated to 1230 in the form Mosse and to 1327 in the form ate Mos (Reaney & Wilson, s.n. Moss), a location Lockwood located on or near an estate owned by the Moss family could come to be known as Lockwood Moss. [Marsaili Johnston of Lockwood Moss, 04/2003 LoAR, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | Submitted as Thomas atte Woode of Epping, the submitter requested authenticity for 1300-1500 English and allowed any changes. When two bynames that refer to locations appear in a name in English, the first byname is usually an inherited surname and the second is usually a literal locative byname. When atte Woode became an inherited surname, it seems to have been consistently written as a single word. Bardsley (p. 67 s.n. Attwood) dates William Attewood to 1439, which is late enough that the element Attewood in this name is likely an inherited surname. We have changed this name to use the inherited surname form Attewood to follow the documented pattern of [given name] [inherited surname] of [placename] and to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Thomas Attewood of Epping, 04/2003 LoAR, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | The submitter requested authenticity for the 14th C and allowed any changes. The submission documented the given names Anna and Lyse as German and the byname Warwick as English. No evidence was found that either German or English used double given names in the 14th C. Additionally, Lyse was documented only to the 15th C. As Anna was used in both English and German, we would have dropped the given name Lyse in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. However, doing so would bring this name into conflict with Anne of Warwick, queen to Richard III. Therefore, we have registered this name as submitted, but were unable to make it authentic for the 14th C as requested by the submitter. [Anna Lyse Warwick, 04/2003 LoAR, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | The submitter requested authenticity for Spanish and allowed minor changes. Clarion provided information regarding the submitter's request for authenticity:
Therefore, Sebastian Rodriguez de Castilla would be an authentic form of this name appropriate for 16th C Spain. As the submitter only allows minor changes, we have registered this name in the submitted form, since changing the language of the byname from the English de Castile to a Spanish form is a major change. [Sebastian Rodriguez de Castile, 04/2003 LoAR, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | Submitted as Miriam Calvert of Gidiehall-on-Honiburn, the submitter requested authenticity for 16th C English and allowed minor changes. No examples of [placename]-on-[placename] were found in period. The example of Stretford upon Auen found in Speed's The Counties of Britain (p. 178, map of Warwickshire, map dated 1610) is formed [placename] upon [river name] rather than [placename] upon [placename]. Metron Ariston found support for a hypothetical placename of Gidiehall Honiburn:
Given this information, we have dropped -on- from this byname in order to register this name. Lacking evidence that this form is appropriate for the 16th C, we were unable to confirm that this name is appropriate for the submitter's desired time period. [Miriam Calvert of Gidiehall Honiburn, 04/2003 LoAR, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | The submitter requested authenticity for northern English. Brighid is an Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form of this name. When this name was used in English, it took on other spellings. Aryanhwy merch Catmael found forms of this name in Lancashire (northern England) and Gloucestershire (southwestern England):
Based on this information, Brichet Ross and Brychet Ross would be forms of this name appropriate for Northern England. As the submitter only allows minor changes, and changing the language of the given name from a Gaelic form to an English form is a major change, we were unable to make this name authentic for the submitter's desired culture. [Brighid Ross, 04/2003 LoAR, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | Salesberie Glen cannot be justified as Salesberie, a dithemic placename, with the element Glen, meaning 'valley', appended. Glen is found only in a few placenames, all of which combine Glen with a simple descriptive element. As an example, Mills (p. 144 s.n. Glen) dates Magna Glen to 1247 and Parva Glen to 1242.
However, there is a pattern of English placenames created by appending surnames to existing placenames. Examples of this include Chilton Foliot 1221 (Mills, p. 78 s.n. Chilton), Northone Brun c. 1266 (Mills, p. 244 s.n. Norton), and Saunford Peverel 1275 (Mills, p. 284 s.n. Sampford). As Glen is a surname, dated to 1230 (Reaney & Wilson, p. 193 s.n. Glen), a location Salesberie located on or near an estate owned by the Glen family could come to be known as Salesberie Glen. [Salesberie Glen, Canton of, 04/2003 LoAR, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | Submitted as Avery de la Marre, the byname de la Marre was grammatically incorrect, as it combined a feminine article with Marre, a masculine noun. The submitter's documentation includes the form del Marre, dated to 1302 in Reaney & Wilson (p. 299 s.n. Marr). The sound-alike byname de la Mare is dated to 1190 and 1342 in Reaney & Wilson (s.n. Delamar). However, this byname derives from a different word. Since the submitter expressed a preference for del Marre as an alternate to the submitted de la Marre, we have made this change in order to register this name. [Avery del Marre, 04/2003 LoAR, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | In the documentation for the byname o' Whyspering Wude, the LoI stated that the components of byname were grandfathered to the submitter. However, RfS II.5 limits grandfathered items only to the actual registered name elements. In this case, the byname of Whispering Wude is grandfathered to the submitter. Any changes to this byname negates the Grandfather Clause and causes the new name phrase, in this case o' Whyspering Wude, to be considered as a new item.
Whispering is no longer registerable as an adjective in a placename:
Therefore, the new locative byname o' Whyspering Wude, which is not grandfathered to the submitter, is not registerable because it contains Whyspering. Additionally, o' is a scribal abbreviation. While the submitter may use it when writing his name, it is not registerable. The documentation provided from Shakespeare uses o' as an abbreviations, much as we use St. today to represent the word Saint. As the submitter allows no changes, we must return this name for both of these problems. [Donnan o' Whyspering Wude, 04/2003 LoAR, R-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | This name was submitted as Angharad o'r Rhosyn ferch Rhain and changed at Kingdom to use y, as it is typically used with objects while o'r is usually used with generic locations. This name was intended to mean 'Angharad of the Rose, daughter of Rhain'.
The question was raised regarding whether a byname meaning 'of the Rose' was presumptuous, and so was not registerable. Indeed, previous precedent has ruled:
However, the point was raised that we have recently registered the bynames de la Rosa and de la Rose. Therefore, a clarification is in order. RfS VI.1 "Names Claiming Rank" states in part:
Bynames meaning 'lord', 'master', 'knight', etc., have been ruled to be presumptuous in multiple languages. The reason is that use of these bynames is an "explicit assertion of rank", which is prohibited in RfS VI.1 cited above. However, unlike Master, Knight, etc., and their associated alternate forms found in the List of Alternate Titles (http://www.sca.org/heraldry/titles.html), 'of the Rose' is not used as a title in the S.C.A., though it can be interpreted as claiming membership in the Order of the Rose. The key is whether such a byname is an "explicit assertion of rank". Reaney & Wilson (p. 383 s.n. Rose) date Robert de la Rose to 1242 and Adam atte Rose to 1305. Bermúdez Plata, Don Cristóbal, Catálogo de Pasajeros a Indias Durante los Siglos XVI, XVII, y XVIII (vol II, p. 131, #2206) dates Francisco de la Rosa to 1535. David Herlihy, R. Burr Litchfield, Anthony Molho, and Roberto Barducci, ed., "FLORENTINE RENAISSANCE RESOURCES: Online Tratte of Office Holders 1282-1532" (http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/tratte/) lists the byname DELLAROSA. As this article normalizes bynames, this listing most likely represents the period form della Rosa. From these sources, we have documented period use of the bynames de la Rose and atte Rose in English, de la Rosa in Spanish, and della Rosa in Italian. Use of these bynames was not an "explicit assertion of rank" in period. Nor, given the number of times they have been registered without comment, both from the College of Arms during commentary and in the LoARs, use of these documented period bynames is not generally seen to be an "explicit assertion of rank" within the S.C.A. Therefore, like the given name Regina, these bynames are registerable so long as there is no suggestion of rank implied by this element in conjuction with another element in the name, or in the name as a whole. [Angharad y Rhosyn ferch Rhain, 04/2003 LoAR, R-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | The element Castleguard was documented from the OED in 1576 as an occupational term. However, the byname of Castleguard would indicate that Castleguard were a placename, like London or York. As no evidence was presented nor could any be found that Castleguard is a reasonable placename, the byname of Castleguard is not registerable. An occupational byname using this term would be simply Castleguard.
As the submitter does not allow any changes, we cannot drop the problematic element of in order to register this name. [Edward of Castleguard, 04/2003 LoAR, R-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | The LoI requested assistance with documentation for the byname Amberlach. As submitted, the only documentation for this element was: "Invented locative byname. Amber=golden and Lach=lake." Orle found that Amberlach is a plausible placename in English, but that it would not have the meaning desired by the submitter:
As Amberlach is plausible as an English placename in period, this name is registerable as a feminine given name with a locative byname. [Katherine Amberlach, 04/2003 LoAR, A-Trimaris] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | Submitted as Bede's College, we have removed the apostrophe to follow period examples [Bedes College, 04/2003 LoAR, A-Outlands] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.03 | Submitted as James DeLawton, no support was found for the form DeLawton. We have changed the capitalization and spacing to follow period examples in order to register this name. [James de Lawton, 03/2003, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.03 | Submitted as Aethelind of Erbystok, the submitter requested authenticity for 13th C Welsh/English and allowed minor changes. The only documentation provided for the submitted Aethelind was the statement on her form "Aethelind - Withycombe p.3 - Innes Compilation of 1992."
Andreanna Innes's An Index of Given Names Contained in The Oxford Dictionary of English Christian Names by E. G. Withycombe lists Aethelind as a name found under Ethelinda. However, Withycombe (p. 109 s.n. Ethelinda) shows Æthelind, not Aethelind. The conversion from Æ to Ae is a modern editorial convention used when it is not possible to use the character Æ. As no evidence was found to support Aethelind as a period form of Æthelind, it is not registerable. We have changed the given name in this submission to the form Æthelind in order to register this name. By the submitter's desired time period, the Old English form Æthelind was replaced by a Middle English form of this name such as Athelyna, which Withycombe (p. 109 s.n. Ethelinda) dates to 1346. However, Old English and Middle English are sufficiently different in enough ways (including appearance) that they count as different languages. As the submitter does not allow major changes, and changing the language of an element is considered a major change, we have registered this name using the Old English Æthelind rather than the Middle English Athelyna. [Æthelind of Erbystok, 03/2003, A-Outlands] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.03 | No documentation was presented to support Sylvana as a period name. Sylvana was submitted as an English name per the LoI:
Several submitters noted errors with this reference to Withycombe. Metron Ariston explains:
Regarding the byname the Grey-Eyed, precedent states:
Reaney & Wilson (p. 203 s.n. Graybeard) date Ralph Greyeye to the 13th Century. We would have changed this name to Silvana Greyeye in order to register this name. However, the change from the submitted English Sylvana to the documented French Silvana is a change in language, and so is a major change. As the submitter only allows minor changes, we were unable to make this change in order to register this name. [Sylvana the Grey-Eyed, 03/2003, R-Trimaris] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.03 | Submitted as Eadwine of Foxecote, the submitter requested authenticity for 11th to 12th C Anglo-Saxon. As submitted, this name combines the Old English Eadwine with the Middle English of Foxecote. An authentic period name combining these elements would have been recorded completely in Old English or completely in Middle English depending upon the language of the document in which this language was recorded. Ekwall (p. 186 s.n. Foxcote) dates the form Fuscote to the Domesday Book. Gösta Tengvik, Old English Bynames, pp. 54-56, in the section entitled "Lat. de (in OE charters)" gives some examples of Old English given names with Latin locative bynames. Based on these examples, Eadwine de Fuscote would be an authentic form of this name for an Old English record. Reaney & Wilson (s.n. Foxcot) date Edulf de Foxcote to 1189. Therefore, a fully Middle English form of this name appropriate for the 12th C would be Edwin de Foxcote.
We have changed the byname to a form documented to the submitter's desired time period in order to partially meet his request for authenticity. As the submitter only allowed minor changes, we were unable to change this name to a form appropriate for Old English to fully meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Eadwine de Foxcote, 03/2003, A-Ealdormere] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.03 | Submitted as Morwenna de Membyr', Membyr' is a scribal abbreviation. Reaney & Wilson (p. 306 s.n. Membery) date Richard de Membri, de Membyr' to 1201, 1242, and John de Membury to 1327. Based on these examples, the abbreviation Membyr' likely represents either Membyri or Membyry. As we do not register scribal abbreviations, we have expanded this name to the form Morwenna de Membyri. The submitter is welcome to write her name as Morwenna de Membyr', using the scribal abbreviation. [Morwenna de Membyri, 03/2003, A-Artemisia] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | Submitted as Edward the Sinister, the submitter requested authenticity for 12th to 14th C and allowed minor changes. The LoI provided documentation for this byname from Weekley, Ernest, M.A., Surnames, (p. 304, footnote 3) which states: "Cf. Sinister, O.F. senestre, left-handed, awkward [Simon Senestre, of Dieppe, Close R.]. Lefthand is a ME. name." The LoI also noted that the Close Rolls dated to 1205. We have changed the byname in this submission to use the documented form Senestre in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity.
The LoI also noted that Kingdom had been unable to find examples of Sinister or Left-handed as bynames in Reaney & Wilson or Bardsley. The byname meaning 'left-handed' is difficult to find in Reaney & Wilson because the byname became corrupted over time. It is found on p. 275 s.n. Leffan. This entry dates Robert Lifthand to 1204, Ralph Lefthand to 1258, and John Leftehand to 1390. The LoI did not specify whether the submitter preferred a byname that sounded like Left-handed rather than Sinister. Therefore, we have registered this name with the documented form Senestre. We have provided the information from Reaney & Wilson in case the submitter preferred a byname that sounds like Left-handed. [Edward Senestre, 02/2003 LoAR, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | Submitted as Fiachrae the Bonesetter, the submitter requested authenticity for 13th to 14th C Ireland. As submitted, this name combined the Middle Irish (c. 900 to c. 1200) masculine given name Fiachrae with an English byname. Additionally, the term bonesetter was dated to c. 1510 as an English word. In the spelling boone setter, it was dated to c. 1470. Therefore, the submitted form of this name had two weirdnesses: one for combining Gaelic and English in a name, and a second for elements whose forms are dated more than 300 years apart. To remove the weirdness for temporal disparity in order to register this name, and to partially meet the submitter's request for authenticity, we have changed the given name to the Early Modern Irish (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form Fiachra. Lacking evidence that the Bonesetter would have been used as occupational byname for a Gael in Ireland, we were unable to make this name authentic for the submitter's requested time and culture. [Fiachra the Bonesetter, 02/2003 LoAR, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | Submitted as Caoillain Rose Maddox, the submitter requested authenticity for an Irish given name and an English surname. Ó Corráin & Maguire (p. 41 s.n. Cáelfind) lists Caoilinn, not Caoillain. Lacking evidence that Caoillain is a plausible period form of Caoilinn, it is not registerable. We have changed this name to the documented form Caoilinn in order to register this name.
Since two bynames sometimes occurred in a single name in late period England, we have left both Rose and Maddox in this name. However, lacking evidence that a Gaelic given name, rather than an Anglicized Irish given name, would be combined with English bynames in period, this name is not authentic for forms of names found in England or Ireland in period. [Caoilinn Rose Maddox, 02/2003 LoAR, A-West] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | Eric was submitted under the Legal Name Allowance. However, no documentation (such as a photocopy of a driver's license) w |