See also pages for:
| Laurel: | Date: (year.month.date) | Precedent: |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.05 | Submitted as Emma Idunn, this name combines an English given name and an Old Norse given name. Because Old Norse does not use unmarked patronymics, Idunn is not a properly formed byname. The properly constructed Old Norse form would be Idunsdottir.
To make this name registerable, the byname must either be changed to a close English form or to the properly constructed Old Norse form. Because a name mixing Middle English and Old Norse is one step from period practice, we have changed this name to Emma Idone, an all English form. Unmarked patronymics are common in English. Reaney and Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames, dates this spelling of the byname to 1327. The change from Idunn to Idone is also a smaller change in sound and appearance than the change from Idunn to Idunsdottir. [Emma Idone, 05/04, A-Aethelmearc] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.05 | Submitted as Hrothgar Ivarsson, the submitter requested authenticity for 10th-11th C. As submitted, the name mixes an Old English form of the given name with an Old Norse patronymic. An authentic name combining these elements in period would have been written completely in Old English or completely in Old Norse depending upon the language of the document in which the name was recorded. We have changed the name to Hróðgeirr Ívarsson, a fully Old Norse form of this name to fulfill his request for authenticity. [Hróðgeirr Ívarsson, 05/04, A-Aethelmearc] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.04 | The submitter requested an authentic name with "the first name Norse and the second name Scottish." While there is a great deal of evidence for Norsemen adopting Gaelic names and vice versa, there is no evidence that Norse and Gaelic orthographies were combined in this manner. This name combines Norse and Gaelic orthographies, which has been ruled one step from period practice. As submitted, it's not authentic although it is registerable.
To make this name authentic, it should be in entirely in either Norse orthography or Gaelic orthography. An entirely Norse form would be Einarr Domnalsson; Talan Gwynek's draft article "Old Norse Forms of Early Irish Names" gives Domnall as the normalized form of the runic "tomnal", which is found in an inscription on a 12th C Icelandic sword hilt. As the College has been unable to find a Gaelic form of Einarr, we cannot speculate on a fully Gaelic form of this name. [Einarr mac Dhòmhnuill, 04/04, A-Calontir] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.04 | Submitted as Dufen Eyðimörkingr, we have changed the name to Dufan eyðimarkingr. The spelling of the given name was changed to match the submitted documentation; there is no evidence that a and e are interchangeable when Old Norse is written in a Latin style alphabet. [Dufan eyðimarkingr, 04/04, A-Atenveldt] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.03 | While we know of no examples where Norse and Russian are used in the same name, there is enough contact between the cultures for this to be only one step from period practice.
The submitter specified an interest in having the name be authentic for a language and/or culture, he did not specify which culture. We are, therefore, not able to change the name to meet this request. The name Ari viligisl would be an entirely Norse form. We were unable to find an entirely Russian form. [Arii viligisl, 03/04, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | Submitted as Ingi aptrkemba, the submitter requested a feminine name and allowed any changes. Ingi is found in Geirr Bassi (p. 12) as a masculine given name. We have changed this to the feminine given name Inga (also found in Geirr Bassi, p. 12) in order to make this name feminine as requested by the submitter. [Inga aptrkemba, 03/2004, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | Submitted as Kaun Steinrøðsson, the patronymic Steinrøðsson was not correctly formed. The patronymic byname formed from the masculine given name Steinrøðr is Steinrøðarson. We have made this correction. [Kaun Steinrøðarson, 03/2004, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | Listed on the LoI as Æsa inn kyrra, this name was submitted as Æsa inn kyrri. The element kyrri was changed at Kingdom to kyrra to put it into a feminine form.
The article inn is a masculine form. We have changed it to the feminine in in order to register this name. [Æsa in kyrra, 03/2004, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | This name is being returned for having two weirdnesses.
Iror is documented as an Old Norse masculine given name in Geirr Bassi (p. 12). As such, it is undated but appropriate for up to approximately 1100. The word insane was documented as an English word dated to 1550. Therefore, this name has one weirdness for combining Old Norse and Middle English and one weirdness for a temporal disparity of greater than 300 years. Any changes we could make in order to register this name would involve a complete change of the byname. The College found a number of options that may interest the submitter. As there are multiple options, and the form gives no indication of what is most important to the submitter, we are returning this name and providing the information found by the College so that the submitter may choose how he wishes to proceed. [...] Silver Nautilus found an Old Norse byname with a similar meaning in Aryanhwy merch Catmael's article "Viking Bynames found in the Landnámabók" (http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/vikbynames.html), which lists the byname inn óði as having the meaning 'mad, frantic, raging'. This byname would support a Lingua Anglica byname such as the Mad, but not the Insane. Iror inn óði would be the fully Old Norse form of this name. [Iror the Insane, 03/2004, R-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.02 | Submitted as Bjorn Samsson, the documentation showed the given name as Bj{o,}rn. We have made this correction. [Bj{o,}rn Samsson, 02/2004, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.02 | Submitted as Svarðkell inn bíldr, no evidence was found to support adding inn 'the' to the documented byname bíldr 'ax, ax-blade'. Gunnvör silfrahár provided commentary regarding this type of byname:
Lacking evidence that inn would be added to a byname of this type, we changed the submitted byname to the documented form bíldr in order to register this name. [Svarðkell bíldr, 02/2004, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.02 | This name is being returned for issues with the byname sundafyllir. This byname was documented from Geirr Bassi (p. 28) as meaning 'sound-filler, able to fill a bay with fish by magic'.
Gunnvör silfrahárr provided further information regarding this byname:
Therefore, the current evidence shows that the byname sundafyllir is both unique and a claim to magical powers. As such, it violates RfS VI.2 "Names Claiming Powers", which states in part: [Rannveig sundafyllir, 02/2004, R-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.02 | The submitter requested authenticity for 8th to 10th C West Norse. The only documentation provided for Krigføsingglad in the LoI was the statement:
This site provides a translation to modern Norweigian. As such, it provides no evidence that the word Krigføringglad is plausible in any language in period. Additionally, it provides no evidence that this word, even if it were plausible in period, would have appeared as a person's byname. Lacking evidence that the word Krigføringglad is plausible as a byname in period, it is not registerable. The College was able to find evidence of words using the root víg- 'battle' in Geir T. Zöega's A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic (http://www.northvegr.org/zoega/index002.php), though these words are not documented as bynames and may or may not be plausible in that use. Geirr Bassi (p. 29) lists two descriptive bynames referring to 'battle': valfrekr 'val-fresh, greedy for battle-casualties' and vegandi 'battler, fighter'. [Valr Krigføsingglad, 02/2004, R-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.01 | Submitted as Yrsa Asmundsdóttir, the patronymic Asmundsdóttir was not correctly formed. The patronymic byname formed from the masculine given name Ásmundr is Ásmundardóttir. We have made this correction. [Yrsa Ásmundardóttir, 01/2004, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.01 | This name is being returned for lack of documentation of Kjalgrimr as a plausible given name in Old Norse. The LoI supported this name as follows:
Gunnvör silfrahárr found
Lacking evidence of Kjal- used as a protheme in an Old Norse dithematic name, the constructed Kjalgrimr is not a plausible Old Norse masculine name and is not registerable. As the submitter is most interested in sound, he may wish to know that the closest sounding Old Norse masculine name found by the College was Kolgrímr found in Geirr Bassi (p. 12). [Kjalgrimr Klugh, 01/2004, R-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.01 | The submitter requested authenticity for "Norse/Icelandic" and allowed any changes.
The byname ulfsvina 'wolf's friend' was submitted as a constructed byname formed from elements found in Geir T. Zoëga, A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic (http://www.northvegr.org/zoega/). This source is a dictionary, not a name resource. While useful, it must be remembered that not every word in this source was applied to humans or would have been used as descriptive bynames in period. Some adjectives may never have been applied to a living creature. Some may have only applied to gods or mythical beasts in sagas or mythology. Others may have, indeed, been used to describe humans. Therefore, while the submitted documentation could support the plausibility of ulfsvina as a word in Old Icelandic, it does not necessarily provide evidence that such a word would have been used as a descriptive byname for humans in period. To determine the plausibility of ulfsvina as a descriptive byname, it must be compared to descriptive bynames known to have been used by humans in period. While the LoI noted that Geirr Bassi lists the descriptive byname barnakarl 'friend to children', no documentation was presented and none was found that a byname constructed as [animal] friend would have been used as a descriptive byname applied to humans in Old Norse. Lacking such evidence, ulfsvina is not registerable. As the submitter requested authenticity for "Norse/Icelandic", she may wish to know that Thyra is a modern English rendering of the Old Norse feminine given name Þyri. There is some evidence that Thyra may have also appeared in late-period Danish. However, from the information that the College was able to find, the form Thyra is not authentic for the Old Norse period. [Thyra ulfsvina, 01/2004, R-Outlands] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.01 | This name has multiple issues.
The form shows that this name was submitted as Daniel Þúsunðjalasmiðer. No indication was provided at any point that the submitter was at all involved in any change to a given name of DanR. Additionally, the only documentation provided for the given name in the LoI was from Geirr Bassi, which lists Danr, not DanR. Þúsunðjalasmiðer was submitted as a byname meaning 'thousand kind craftsman'. However, no evidence was provided and none was found to support a byname with this meaning as a plausible Old Norse byname. Lacking such evidence, this name is not registerable. Additionally, there was significant discussion whether the construction of Þúsunðjalasmiðer is even valid as a word in Old Norse. The College found support for Þúsund as a word in Old Icelandic meaning 'thousand' or, literally, 'a swarm of hundreds', and for smiðr 'smith' (not 'craftsman') as an Old Norse byname. However, no support was found for the element jala. The byname would be registerable as smiðr. However, such a significant change to the byname is a major change, which the submitter does not allow. [DanR Þúsunðjalasmiðer, 01/2004, R-Northshield] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | Listed on the LoI as Vigdís Vesfirzka, this name was submitted as Vigdís Vestfirnzka. The byname was corrected at Kingdom to remove the incorrect n in the byname. However, an extra letter (t) was omitted in the LoI. We have added the missing letter to the byname.
Additionally, we have lowercased the byname to use standard transliteration conventions. (See the Cover Letter for the October 2002 LoAR for more information.) [Vigdís vestfirzka, 12/2003, A-West] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | The submitter requested authenticity for 8th C Wessex. Wessex was an Anglo-Saxon kingdom where Old English was spoken. While this is an authentic Old Norse name, it is not an Old English name. The issue of when Norse settlements existed in England was not discussed during commentary. As such, we were unable to determine whether or not this name is appropriate for the submitter's desired time and location. [Hrafnhildr Mikaelsdóttir, 12/2003, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | Submitted as Bjorn inn mikli, the documentation showed the given name as having an o-ogonek (which looks like an o with a reversed comma attached to the bottom of the letter) not a simple o. We have made this correction. [Bj{o,}rn inn mikli, 12/2003, A-Artemisia] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | Submitted as Ellisif Þunnkárr Reinarskona, we have lowercased the byname to use standard transliteration conventions. (See the Cover Letter for the October 2002 LoAR for more information.)
The byname Reinarskona combines the Danish masculine given name Reinar with the Old Norse kona 'wife'. While Danish and Old Norse are related languages, they are not the same language. Therefore, the byname Reinarskona violates RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase. As the submitter allows major changes, we have dropped this element in order to register this name. [Ellisif þunnkárr, 12/2003, A-West] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | Submitted as Valla Lùta Kolladóttir, the submitter requested authenticity for 10th C Norway and allowed any changes.
The given name Lúta was cited with the incorrect accent on the u. Also, Valla- is a byname meaning 'field' that is prepended to a given name: in this case, as Valla-Lúta. We have made these corrections. [Valla-Lúta Kolladóttir, 12/2003, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | Submitted as Jora inn Irska, the submitter requested authenticity for Norse and allowed any changes. The article inn is used in masculine bynames. The feminine form is in. We have made this correction. [Jora in Irska, 12/2003, A-West] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | This name is being returned for lack of documentation that the construction of the byname Hvithestr 'white horse' follows a period pattern of bynames used in Old Norse in period.
The submitter requested authenticity for "Viking / Norse" and allowed minor changes. She also allowed no holding name. However, the LoI included none of this information. We would remind submission heralds that proper summarization of forms, including changes allowed by the submitter and requests for authenticity, is required as part of the LoI. Improper summarization of a submission is cause for return of that submission. The College of Arms has a limited amount of time and all of us are volunteers. Asking the College to evaluate names based on incomplete or entirely missing data is both unfair to the College and a disservice to the submitter. The submitted byname Hvithestr was submitted as a combination of two descriptive bynames found in Geirr Bassi, hvít 'white' (p. 23) and hestr 'horse' (p. 22). The most often cited example of the an Old Norse descriptive byname of the form [color] + [animal] is rauðrefr, found in Geirr Bassi (p. 26). Geirr Bassi gives the meaning of 'red fox' for this name. However, this byname and meaning have been found to be an error. Via italics, he indicates that this byname came from the Landnámabók. However, the Landnámabók does not have an example of any person with that byname. It seems to be a typo for rauðnefr 'red-nose'. When an earlier submission referred to the byname rauðrefr listed in Geirr Bassi, Gunnvör silfrahárr found this information:
As this information removes support for the byname rauðrefr in Geirr Bassi, we are left with no confirmed examples of descriptive bynames of the form [color] + [animal] in Old Norse. One commenter reported an example of rauðbekri 'red ram' as appearing in the Landnámabók, but the information provided was incomplete and we were unable to find the byname in the online version of the Landnámabók. Further, as stated in a previous ruling:
Lacking solid evidence of a clear pattern of descriptive bynames of the form [color] + [animal] in Old Norse, there is no support for the submitted Hvithestr as a plausible descriptive byname in Old Norse. [Kristin Hvithestr, 12/2003, R-West] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | The registerability of Brother as a given name was the topic of much discussion during the commentary process.
Reaney & Wilson (p. 68 s.n. Brothers) dates the names Broder, Brodor, and Brodre to 1066. As they are listed as single element names found in the Domesday Book, they are almost certainly used as given names. This entry also dates Willelmus filius Brother to 1202 and says that this name derives from:
While the use of this name in reference to kinsman and a guild member is as a descriptive byname, the existance of given name forms, including those cited from the Domesday Book, support the plausibility of Brother as a given name form. Additionally, E. H. Lind, Norsk-Islädska Dopnamn ock Fingerade Namm från Medeltiden, column 171, lists an entry for the given name Bróðir and lists examples of forms of this name found in the 14th and 15th C, providing additional support for forms of this name used as given names. Based on this information, Brother is plausible as a given name form in period. As such, it is registerable when it does not appear to be a form of address. When used as a form of address, Brother is still not registerable (as is true for all forms of address), though the submitter may use it:
In this case, Brother does not appear to be a form of address because it is followed by Liston, which can only be a locative byname or an inherited surname. Therefore, Brother must be the given name in this submission. [Brother Liston Brounyng, 11/2003, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | Submitted as Annya Allrasystir Úlfsdóttir, the submitted name combines a 16th C Russian given name with a pair of Old Norse bynames (appropriate for c. 1100 or earlier). As a result, this name has two weirdnesses: one for combining Russian and Old Norse in a name, and one for a temporal disparity of greater than 300 years. Having two weirdnesses, this name cannot be registered in the submitted form. The submitter gave permission to change her given name to the earlier Russian spelling Anna in order to remove the weirdness for temporal incompatibility. We have made this change.
We have lowercased the descriptive byname allrasystir 'everyone's sister' to use standard transliteration conventions. (See the Cover Letter for the October 2002 LoAR for more information.) [Anna allrasystir Úlfsdóttir, 11/2003, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | Submitted as Skara Skye, the only evidence found for Skara was as an accusative form of the Old Norse masculine given name Skári. As a given name needs to be in the nominative case, we have changed the given name to the nominative form Skári, as allowed by the submitter, in order to register this name.
This name combines an Old Norse given name with the byname Skye, which may be considered either English or Scots (a language closely related to English). However, no support has been found for the spelling Skye before 1610:
Therefore, this name had two weirdnesses: one for combining Old Norse and English, and one for elements that are dated to more than 300 years apart. We have changed the byname to the form Skey in order to remove the temporal disparity and register this name. [Skári Skey, 11/2003, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | This name combines a Norse given name with a German byname. There is a weirdness for the lingual combination, but it is registerable. There was considerable contact between Germany and Denmark, including Danish kings controlling the adjoining parts of modern Germany in the 12th and 13th century.
The submitter requested the German form of Sigurd if one could be found. Bahlow documents several names with the first element Sieg-, but not this name. They include the sound-alike Sighart dated to 1295. However, as it is not the same name, we declined to make that change. [Sigurd Grunewald, 11/2003, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | Submitted as Halldorr Thorhalsson, the submitter requested authenticity for 10th C Viking and allowed any changes.
The patronymic Thorhalsson was not correctly formed. The patronymic byname formed from the masculine given name Þorhallr (also rendered Thorhallr) is Þórhallsson (also rendered Thorhallsson). We have made this correction. We have registered this name using the fully Norse form in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Halldórr Þórhallsson, 11/2003, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | Listed on the LoI as Boddi Bjarnarson, this name was submitted as Boddi Bjarki Bjarnarson. In the submitted documentation, both Boddi and Bjarki were documented as given names. As no evidence has been found of two given names used in Old Norse, the second given name was dropped at Kingdom. However, in addition to Bjarki being a given name, bjarki is a descriptive byname meaning 'bear-cub'. Therefore, Boddi bjarki Bjarnarson is registerable as a name following the standard pattern of given name + descriptive byname + patronymic byname. [Boddi bjarki Bjarnarson, 11/2003, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | [Household name Skialdmær Hus] While the submitter demonstrated that skialdmær was used as a feminine byname in the sagas, she did not demonstrate that the Norse had a pattern of naming households or other organized groups after a person's byname. Barring evidence of that pattern, this name is not registerable. [Kolfinna k{o,}ttr, 11/2003, R-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | Submitted as Svana mjóbeinn, the form mjóbeinn 'slim-leg' is a masculine form of this byname. As Svana is a feminine name, the byname must be changed to a feminine form in order to match the gender of the given name. Gunnvör silfrahárr found information about this byname:
We have changed this byname to the feminine form found by Gunnvör in order to register this name. [Svana mjóbeina, 11/2003, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | Submitted as Kolbjorn skattkaupandi, the documentation showed the given name with an o-ogonek, which looks like an 'o' with a reverse comma/hook attached to the bottom of the letter. We have made this correction. [Kolbj{o,}rn skattkaupandi, 11/2003, A-Ealdormere] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | Submitted as Gu{d-}rø{d-}r of Colanhomm, the given name was misspelled because of a misreading of the special characters in Geirr Bassi. The character {d-} (Unicode U+0111, "Latin small letter d with stroke") is not used in Old Norse. Instead, they used the edh (ð). Therefore, we have changed the name to match the documented form in order to register this name. [Guðrøðr of Colanhomm, 11/2003, A-Drachenwald] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | There was some discussion regarding whether the byname Irlandsfari needed to be put into lowercase. The discussion "From Pelican: Regarding Capitalization in Norse Bynames" in the Cover Letter to the October 2002 LoAR states in part:
In this case, the byname Irlandsfari refers to Ireland and falls into second category above, "descriptive bynames based on proper nouns". Therefore, this byname does not need to be put into lowercase. [Skarpheðinn Irlandsfari, 11/2003, A-Drachenwald] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | Submitted as Gunnarr of Iorvik, the submitted byname of Iorvik combined the English of and the Norse Iorvik and, so, violated RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase. The fully Old Norse form of this byname would be í Iórvík. Old Norse names are registerable with accents used or omitted consistently. We have changed this byname to the fully Old Norse form (with accents omitted) in order to register this name. [Gunnarr i Iorvik, 11/2003, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | Submitted as Fj{o,}rleif Rúnólfswyf, the submitted byname Rúnólfswyf combines the Old Norse Rúnólfs- with the English -wyf and so violates RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase. The Norse word for 'wife' used in bynames is kona, as in Þorvé, Végauts kona, found in Lindorm Eriksson's "The Bynames of the Viking Age Runic Inscriptions" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/lindorm/runicbynames/). In this case, the two elements are separate words, but in transcriptions, bynames that express relationship often take this form. In other sources, they are written as a single word. Therefore, this would be acceptable either as Rúnólfskona or Rúnólfs kona. As the former is closer to her submitted name, we have made that change. [Fj{o,}rleif Rúnólfskona, 11/2003, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | [Household name Halir yórs] No evidence was presented, nor could any be found by the College, that a household name meaning 'Thor's men' or 'Thor's heroes' would be a reasonable name for a group of people in Old Norse. Also, no evidence was presented that Halir was a term that would be used to describe a group of people, nor that a group of people would be named after a god. Lacking documentation to address these two issues, this name does not meet the requirement in RfS III.2.b.iv that "Household names must follow the patterns of period names of organized groups of people."
In addition, many commenters expressed concern that this name might be presumptuous. In resubmission, the submitter should address whether this name is presumptuous. [Ragnarr Gunnarsson, 11/2003, R-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Submitted as Var the Silent, the documentation for the given name Var provided in the LoI was "an Old Norse masculine given name found in King Hrolf and his Champions, cited in 'A Collation of Viking Names,' Stephen Francis Wyley (http://www.angelfire.com/wy/svenskildbiter/Viking/viknams3.html#Male%20U)." Gunnvör silfrahárr provided the following information regarding this source and the name Var:
Gunnvör also found examples of forms of this name in Nordiskt runnamnslexikon (Lena Peterson. Nordiskt runnamnslexikon. Språk-och folkminnes-institutet. http://www.dal.lu.se/runlex/index.htm). We have changed the submitted Var to the Old Norse form Varr in order to register this name. The byname the Silent is a reasonable Lingua Anglica form of the Old Norse descriptive byname þegjandi 'silent'. [Varr the Silent, 10/2003, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Listed on the LoI as Bjarni Eðvarðarson af Jorvik, this name was submitted as Bjarni Edwardsson af Jorvik. The patronymic byname was changed at Kingdom to meet the submitter's request for authenticity for 10th C Norse.
There was some discussion regarding the proper construction of the locative byname af Jorvik, meaning 'of York'. Lindorm Eriksson's article "The Bynames of the Viking Age Runic Inscriptions" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/lindorm/runicbynames/places.htm) lists a number of personal names that include locative bynames. The majority of these use í 'in, within' as the particle. Gunnvör silfrahárr found that "Fljótsdæla saga (Netútgáfan website. http://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/fljotsd.htm) ch. 7 has <Þorvaldur í Jórvík>", showing í Jórvík as a locative byname. We have changed the locative byname to í Jórvík to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Bjarni Eðvarðarson í Jórvík, 10/2003, A-West] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Submitted as Matheus Hunda-maðr, the submitter requested a name meaning 'keeper of the hounds' authentic for 9th to 11th C Norse.
The element Hunda-maðr was documented from Bertil Thuresson's Middle English Occupational Terms, s.n. Hundeman, which states: "An ON *hunda-maðr 'houndsman' (perhaps used as a pers[onal] n[ame]) is the first el[ement] of the pl[acename] Hunmanby." This entry shows the standard practice of many dictionary-type works of inserting hyphens between etymological roots in words in order to emphasize the construction of the word being discussed. Lacking evidence that the hyphen would appear within this byname in transliterations of Old Norse, we have removed it from this byname. Additionally, we have lowercased the byname to use standard transliteration conventions (see the Cover Letter for the October 2002 LoAR for more information). [Matheus hundamaðr, 10/2003, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | No documentation was presented and none was found to support gullhrafn 'gold-raven' as a plausible byname in Old Norse.
The Old Norse byname gullskeggr 'gold-beard', cited in the LoI, shows a physical description referring to the color of a man's beard. It does not support an Old Norse byname constructed [gold] + [animal]. Gunnvör silfrahárr provided a copious list of Old Norse bynames referring to animals and summarized her findings:
Lacking evidence that gullhrafn is a plausible byname in Old Norse, it is not registerable. [Æsa gullhrafn, 10/2003, R-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.09 | Submitted as Ingeborg í Trondheim, the submitter requested authenticity for 11th to 13th C "Viking-Old Norse-Norway/Sweden" and allowed any changes. Metron Ariston found information about the names used to refer to this location over time:
Lindorm Eriksson's article "The Bynames of the Viking Age Runic Inscriptions" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/lindorm/runicbynames/places.htm) lists a number of personal names that include locative bynames. The majority of these use í 'in, within' as the particle. In locative bynames that use í, the placename takes the dative case. The form Þrándheimr found by Metron Ariston is a nominative case. Gunnvör silfrahárr found an example of the dative case in Hálfdanar saga Eysteinssonar (Netútgáfan Web site, http://www.snerpa.is/net/forn/half-e.htm), where chapter 25 "is titled, '25. Hálfdan tók ríki í Þrándheimi'". Based on this information, we have changed the byname in this submission to í Þrándheimi in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Ingeborg í Þrándheimi, 09/2003, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.09 | Listed on the LoI as Caitilín eyverska, this name was submitted as Caitlín Eyverska. The given name and byname were changed at Kingdom to match documented forms and because Caitlín was found to be a modern, rather than a medieval, form of this name.
The section "From Pelican: Regarding Capitalization in Norse Bynames" included in the Cover Letter for the October 2002 LoAR provides two cases where descriptive bynames may be registered in capitalized forms:
The byname eyverska 'woman from the Orkney Islands' is a descriptive byname based on proper noun. As such, it may be registered with the initial letter capitalized. Therefore, we have returned the byname to the submitted form. [Caitilín Eyverska, 09/2003, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.09 | Listed on the LoI as Máriá inn sléttmála, this name was submitted as Máría inn Sléttmáli. The element Sléttmáli was changed at Kingdom to sléttmála to put it into a feminine form and to lowercase the byname in order to use standard transliteration conventions.
We have corrected the misplaced accent in the given name. Also, the article inn is a masculine form. We have changed it to the feminine in in order to register this name. [Máría in sléttmála, 09/2003, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.08 | Submitted as Friða Sørkvirsdóttir, the patronymic Sørkvirsdóttir was not correctly formed. The patronymic byname formed from the masculine given name Sørkvir is Sørkvisdóttir. We have made this correction. [Friða Sørkvisdóttir, 08/2003 LoAR, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.08 | No documentation was presented, and none was found, that Hrafnahamaringr is a reasonable byname in Old Norse. This element was documented from Academy of Saint Gabriel Report 390 (http://www.s-gabriel.org/390). This report was written in 1997 and is one of the older Academy reports. A warning has been added to the top that states, "Some of the Academy's early reports contain errors that we haven't yet corrected. Please use it with caution." Regarding the submitted byname, this report states:
This report contains no indication regarding where the information given above was found. Additionally, there is no indication that the element hamarr appeared in placenames in period. Given both of these issues, the submitted report is not sufficient to support Hrafnahamaringr as a plausible period byname in Old Norse. [Thorfinnr Hrafnahamaringr, 08/2003 LoAR, R-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.08 | Listed on the LoI as Disa blatonn, this name was submitted as Disa Blatonn. The byname was changed at Kingdom to lowercase the byname to match standard transliteration conventions. However, the documented form of this byname is blat{o,}nn. While Old Norse names may be registered with or without accents, other diacritical marks cannot be omitted without documentation. Therefore, we have changed the o in the byname to {o,} (o-ogonek) in order to register this name. [Disa blat{o,}nn, 08/2003 LoAR, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.08 | The College only found one example of the name Auguste dated close to period. Aryanhwy merch Catmael's article "French Names from 1601" (http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/french1601.html) lists the name August as appearing once, and the form Auguste as appearing once, in the source document. The College was unable to find any evidence that this name was used in France earlier than this time.
Therefore, this name combines a French given name dated to 1601 with an Old Norse byname. As Valason is documented from Old Norse sources that record names used before approximately 1100, this name has one weirdness for a temporal disparity of greater than 300 years. This submission did not provide information regarding the level of contact between French speakers and Old Norse speakers. Depending upon the level of contact between speakers of these languages, combining French and Old Norse in a name is either a weirdness or not registerable. Either status, when combined with the temporal disparity, is cause for return in this name. Therefore, we are declining to rule on whether the combination of French and Old Norse in a name is a weirdness or unregisterable at this time. We would ask the College to consider this issue, that they may offer advice if this combination is submitted in the future. [Auguste Valason, 08/2003 LoAR, R-Ealdormere] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.08 | This submission combines an Old Norse given name with a Middle High German locative byname. Old Norse was still in use in 1100. It is generally agreed that Middle High German came into use before 1100. Therefore, Old Norse and Middle High German were in use at the same time. Given this information, combining Old Norse and Middle High German in a name is registerable, though it is a weirdness. [Tyrfingr von Wolfsberg, 08/2003 LoAR, A-Outlands] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.08 | Submitted as Ásbjórn Kolbrúnarskáld, the documentation showed the given name as Ásbj{o,}rn. We have made this correction. We have also lowercased the byname to use standard transliteration conventions. (See the Cover Letter for the October 2002 LoAR for more information.) [Ásbj{o,}rn kolbrúnarskáld, 08/2003 LoAR, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | Submitted as Þorbjörn Rauðfeldr, Þorbjörn was documented from Aryanhwy merch Catmael's article "Viking Names found in the Landnámabók" (http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/landnamabok.html). This source notes that the character ö is used to represent an o "with a reverse-comma hook on the bottom". This is the character o-ogonek, which we represent as {o,}. We have made this correction. We have also lowercased the byname to use standard transliteration conventions. (See the Cover Letter for the October 2002 LoAR for more information.) [Þorbj{o,}rn rauðfeldr, 07/2003 LoAR, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | There was some discussion regarding whether the byname Eyverska needed to be put into lowercase. The discussion "From Pelican: Regarding Capitalization in Norse Bynames" in the Cover Letter to the October 2002 LoAR states in part:
In this case, the byname Eyverska, refers to the Orkney Isles and falls into second category above, "descriptive bynames based on proper nouns". Therefore, this byname does not need to be put into lowercase. [Margrét Eyverska, 07/2003 LoAR, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | Submitted as Hallbjorg hin Miskunnarlausa, we have changed the byname to lowercase in order to use standard transliteration conventions. (See the Cover Letter for the October 2002 LoAR for more information.) [Hallbjorg hin miskunnarlausa, 07/2003 LoAR, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | The byname the Fierce is a Lingua Anglica translation of the Old Norse byname greypr. [Æsa the Fierce, 07/2003 LoAR, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | Submitted as Magnus Ragnarson, the patronymic Ragnarson was not correctly formed. The patronymic byname formed from the masculine given name Ragnarr is Ragnarsson. We have made this correction. [Magnus Ragnarsson, 07/2003 LoAR, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | Submitted as Birgir Bjórnson, the submitter requested authenticity for 10th C Norse. The patronymic Bjórnson was not correctly formed for Old Norse. The patronymic byname formed from the masculine given name Bj{o,}orn is Bjarnarson. We have made this change in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Birgir Bjarnarson, 07/2003 LoAR, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | Submitted as Estrid Fairhair, the submitter requested authenticity for 10th C English/Viking and allowed any changes. A person living in the Viking-controlled areas of England would have their name written in Old Norse or Old English depending upon the language of the record in which their name was recorded.
Estrid was cited as appearing on p. 107 of Withycombe. However, the header that appears on that page is Estrild, not Estrid, and gives this name as deriving from Old English. Withycombe (pp. 34-35) lists Astrid (a different name from Estrild) as a header and gives this name as deriving from Norse. A fully Old Norse name meaning 'Astrid Fairhair' would be Ástríðr in hárfagra (Geirr Bassi, pp. 10 and 22). We have changed the submitted name to this form in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. As the College did not find Old English forms of these name elements, we are unable to suggest an Old English form of this name. [Ástríðr in hárfagra, 07/2003 LoAR, A-Lochac] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.06 | The submitter requested authenticity for 10th C Welsh/Norse. As the College was only able to find forms of Gawain in English, we were unable to make this name authentic for either Welsh or Norse. As this name is registerable as a mix of English and Old Norse, the question of whether a name mixing Welsh and Old Norse is registerable is not an issue. Therefore, we are declining to rule on such a combination at this time. [Gawain Ivarsson, 06/2003 LoAR, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.06 | Listed on the LoI as Eld-hjörtr Eriksson, this name was submitted as Erik Eld-hjörtr and changed at Kingdom because no support was found for the submitted form of this name.
The submitted documentation was inadequately summarized on the LoI, which stated:
This submission included a letter from Gunnvör silfrahárr (formerly Gunnora Hallakarva) which provided support for some elements in the submitted name. However, since Gunnvör's letter was not summarized in the LoI, that documentation could not be judged by the College. Therefore, the submitted name must be judged according to the documentation presented to the College in the LoI, along with other information found by the College during the commentary process. Hj{o,}rtr and Eiríkr, not Erik as stated in the LoI, are found in Geirr Bassi as masculine given names. A man named Eiríkr whose father was Hj{o,}rtr would be Eiríkr Hjartarson. A man named Hj{o,}rtr whose father was Eiríkr would be Hj{o,}rtr Eiríksson. The byname eldr 'fire' is also found in Geirr Bassi. Eld- was submitted as a theorized prefix form of this byname. However, not all Norse bynames had prefix forms. Gunnvör's letter listed some names that included Eld- as a protheme in the name (for example, Eldgrímr and Eldjárn), though no examples of Eld- as a byname prepended to a given name (such as in the theorized Eld-Hj{o,}rtr). Lacking evidence that eldr would have been used in a prefix form, Eld- is not registerable as a byname. Therefore, registerable forms of this name are Eiríkr eldr Hjartarson and Hj{o,}rtr eldr Eiríksson. As the first is the closer of these to the originally submitted name, we have changed this name to that form in order to register this name. [Eiríkr eldr Hj{o,}rtsson, 06/2003 LoAR, A-West] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.06 | Submitted as Gormr inn Feitr, we have changed the byname to lowercase in order to use standard transliteration conventions. (See the Cover Letter for the October 2002 LoAR for more information.) [Gormr inn feitr, 06/2003 LoAR, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.05 | Listed on the LoI as Bárekr inn silfri, this name was submitted as Bárekr Silfri. The byname was modified at Kingdom to lowercase the byname to match documented usage and to add the article inn, which Kingdom believed was the normal format for descriptive bynames. In this case, Geirr Bassi (p. 19) shows that the byname silfri appears without an article. Therefore, we have removed the article that was added to this byname. [Bárekr silfri, 05/2003 LoAR, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.05 | The submitter allowed no changes. Therefore, we were unable to put the byname Gyðja into lowercase to match the submitted documentation and to use standard transliteration conventions. (See the Cover Letter for the October 2002 LoAR for more information.)
Further, there was some question whether the byname gyðja was presumptuous. Geirr Bassi gives the meaning of this byname as 'priestess'. However, Metron Ariston noted that:
At this time, we are declining to rule whether use of gyðja is presumptuous. Any resubmission of this name that includes the element gyðja should address this issue. [Solveig Gyðja Christiansdottir, 05/2003 LoAR, R-Drachenwald] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.05 | The documentation provided in the LoI entry for this submission was inadequate. If this submission were judged solely on the evidence provided in the LoI, this name would have been returned for problems with both the given name and the byname. The LoI stated:
The information provided in the LoI for the given name Gunnar does not match the information in the cited article. The statement that Silverbeard "is a descriptive byname consistent with Norse practice of referring to an individual's physical characteristics" provides no evidence that Silverbeard is a plausible byname in period. Multiple members of the College went out of their way to provide the missing documentation as a courtesy to the submitter and we would like to thank them for their efforts. Regarding the given name, the correct title for Aryanhwy's article is "Viking Names found in the Landnámabók" and it is now located at http://www.ellipsis.cx/~liana/names/landnamabok.html. However, the name found there (and in Geirr Bassi) is Gunnarr, not Gunnar. Lind, E. H. Norsk-Islädska Dopnamn ock Fingerade Namn från Medeltiden (column 404 s.n. Gunnarr) dates Gunnar to 1374 and 1393, supporting Gunnar as a 14th C Norse/Icelandic form of this name. Sommelier found documentation to support Silverbeard as a plausible descriptive byname in English:
We would like to remind submissions heralds that inadequate documentation has been and will continue to be a reason for return. [Gunnar Silverbeard, 05/2003 LoAR, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.05 | Submitted as Leif Vagnsson, the submitter requested authenticity for Norse. The LoI stated that "Both elements are documented from Geirr Bassi. 'Leif' from 'Leifr', page 13. [...]" Geirr Bassi, as stated in the LoI, lists Leifr, not Leif. We have changed the given name to the documented Leifr in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity and to register this name. [Leifr Vagnsson, 05/2003 LoAR, A-Outlands] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | Listed on the LoI as Grimkell Valgar{dt}sson, the submitter requested an authentic Viking name. The form included the accent in Grímkell. We have made this correction.
The correct Da'ud notation for the edh character, ð, is {dh}, not {dt}. The patronymic Valgarðsson was not correctly formed. The patronymic byname formed from the masculine given name Valgarðr is Valgarðarson. We have made this correction. [Grímkell Valgarðarson, 04/2003 LoAR, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.04 | Llisted as Evja R{o,}skva on the LoI, the form listed this name as Evja r{o,}skva. We have returned the byname to lowercase both to match the originally submitted form and to match standard transliteration conventions in order to register this name. [Evja r{o,}skva, 04/2003 LoAR, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.03 | Submitted as Aelfgeirr Skytja, Aelfgeirr was submitted as an Anglo-Saxon form of the Old Norse name Álfgeirr. However, the Anglo-Saxon form of Álfgeirr was Ælfgar, not Aelfgeirr. Metron Ariston explains:
As the Old Norse Alfgeirr is closer than the Anglo-Saxon Ælfgar to the submitted Aelfgeirr, we have changed this name to the Old Norse form in order to register this name. We have changed the descriptive byname to lowercase to match both the documentation and conventional Old Norse spelling. [Alfgeirr skytja, 03/2003, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.03 | Submitted as Reginleif inn Hárfagra, we have put the byname in lowercase to use standard transliteration conventions. (See the Cover Letter for the October 2002 LoAR for more information.) Additionally, inn is the form used in masculine names. We have changed the byname to the completely feminine form in hárfagra in order to register this name. [Reginleif in hárfagra, 03/2003, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.03 | Submitted as Brondolf the Stout, no documentation was presented and none was found that Brondolf is a proper Anglicized form of the Old Norse name Br{o,}ndólfr. Lacking such evidence, it is not registerable. We have changed the given name to the Old Norse form in order to register this name.
The byname the Stout is a Lingua Anglica translation of the Old Norse byname inn digri. [Br{o,}ndólfr the Stout, 03/2003, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.03 | Submitted as Sveinn Thorwolfson, no documentation was presented and none was found to support Thorwolf as a variant of the Old Norse masculine given name Þórólfr. Also, the patronymic form of this name is spelled -fsson, not -fson. We have made these changes to the byname in order to register this name. [Sveinn Thorolfsson, 03/2003, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.03 | No documentation was provided and none was found that a byname meaning 'cat-slinger' is a plausible period byname. Lacking such evidence, the byname Sløngvandkottu is not registerable. [Kristrøðr Sløngvandkottu, 03/2003, R-Trimaris] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | Listed on the LoI as Ragnar Gunnarsson, both the submission form and the submitted documentation list the given name as Ragnarr. We have made this correction. [Ragnarr Gunnarsson, 02/2003 LoAR, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | Submitted as Thorbjorn inn sterki, the submitter requested authenticity for 10th C Norse and allowed minor changes. Thorbjorn was documented from Nara no Jebu's article "The Old Norse Name" (http://www.meridies.org/as/dmir/heraldry/1304.html). However, this article silently Anglicizes many characters, including thorn (þ), edh (ð), o-ogonek ({o,}), and any characters containing accents. We have changed the given name to match the form shown in Geirr Bassi in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Þorbj{o,}rn inn sterki, 02/2003 LoAR, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | Listed on the LoI as Gudrin in spaka, this name was submitted as Gudrin inn spaki. The byname was changed at Kingdom from the masculine form inn spaki to the feminine form in spaka. No evidence was found to support Gudrin as a variant of the documented Gudrun. Therefore, we have changed the given name to the documented Gudrun in order to register this name. [Gudrun in spaka, 02/2003 LoAR, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | Submitted as Hákon Refr, we have lowercased the byname to use standard transliteration conventions. (See the Cover Letter for the October 2002 LoAR for more information.) [Hákon refr, 02/2003 LoAR, A-Outlands] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | Submitted as Osa Hrafnsdóttir, the submitted form of this name had two weirdnesses. Osa was documented as a Swedish given name dated to 1406. Hrafnsdóttir is an Old Norse patronymic byname. Combining Swedish and Old Norse in a name has previously been ruled a weirdness (Bjarki Einarson, April 2002). Since Old Norse dates to the 11th C and earlier, this name had a second weirdness for a temporal disparity of greater than 300 years. We have changed the given name to Asa, the Old Norse form of Osa, in order to register this name. [Asa Hrafnsdóttir, 02/2003 LoAR, A-West] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | Submitted as Úlfr Sigmundsson, the submitter requested authenticity for 10th C Norse. The Old Norse patronymic formed from the masculine given name Sigmundr is Sigmundarson rather than Sigmundsson. We have made this correction. [Úlfr Sigmundarson, 02/2003 LoAR, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | Submitted as Svana Lútasdottir, the byname formed from the given name Lúta is Lútudóttir, not Lútasdóttir. We have made this correction. Old Norse names are registerable with accents used consistently or omitted consistently. As the byname used an accent for one letter, we have added the missing accent to the byname in order to register this name. [Svana Lútudóttir, 02/2003 LoAR, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | The LoI stated that Hunda-Maðr "is found in Bertil Thuresson's Middle English Occupational Terms s.n. Hundeman. Thuresson says the name is Old Norse." This source is not included in the Administrative Handbook under "Appendix H - Name Books That Do Not Require Photocopies to Laurel". As photocopies from this source were not included with this submission, the required standard of documentation was not met and this name must be returned.
Additionally, there was some question regarding whether Hunda-Maðr is an appropriate form for Old Norse. Hund notes: [Matheus Hunda-Maðr, 02/2003 LoAR, R-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | Submitted as Sigriðr inn rauða Þorvaldsdottir, inn is the form used in masculine names. We have changed the byname to the completely feminine form in rauða in order to register this name. [Sigriðr in rauða Þorvaldsdottir, 02/2003 LoAR, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | Submitted as Dýrfinna Eyverska, the submitter requested authenticity for 10th to 12th C Norse and allowed minor changes. We have lowercased the byname to follow the submitted documentation. [Dýrfinna eyverska, 02/2003 LoAR, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | Submitted as Saeunn Egilsdottir, the submitter requested authenticity for "Viking/Icelandic" and allowed minor changes. The submitted form of this name uses spellings found in a modern translation of The Sagas of Icelanders. We have modified this name to use forms listed in Geirr Bassi to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Sæunn Egilsdóttir, 02/2003 LoAR, A-West] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | Regarding Thorgeirrson, the LoI stated that, "The submitter is using this as a marriage name, as Haakon Thorgeirrson is her legal husband." There are two problems with this name. First, no documentation was presented for this relationship other than this statement in the LoI. Lacking such evidence, the submission is not eligible for the Grandfather Clause. (See the Cover Letter for the October 2002 LoAR "Clarification of the Grandfather Clause" for more details.)
Were documentation provided as required for the Grandfather Clause, her husband's Norse patronymic byname would still not be registerable with a feminine given name. Precedent states:
Throughout period, bynames were literal in Scandinavia. Metron Ariston explains:
Therefore, a name combining any form of Thorgeirrson with a feminine given name is grammatically incorrect and is not registerable. Further, because her husband's name does not have this violation, her name submission introduces a new violation of the rules as prohibited in the precedent cited above. [Alizaunde Thorgeirrson, 02/2003 LoAR, R-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | Listed on the LoI as Haakon Thorgiersson, the form showed the submitted name as Haakon Þorgeirsson. The submitter requested authenticity for Icelandic/Norse and allowed minor changes. The only documentation presented for the spelling Haakon was a list of kings of Norway that had been assembled for this submission. Included in the listing for each king was an abbreviation indicating source(s) for the reference. However, a bibliography was provided for only one of the abbreviations, and that source was a modern genealogical website. Additionally, no photocopies were provided for any of these sources. As none of them are included in the list provided in the Administrative Handbook "Appendix H - Books That Do Not Require Photocopies to Laurel", this documentation is not complete and so does not support the submitted name. Lacking evidence that Haakon is a period form, it is not registerable. Geirr Bassi (p. 11) lists the form of this name as Hákon. Therefore, we have changed this name to Hákon Þorgeirsson in order to register this name and to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Hákon Þorgeirsson, 02/2003 LoAR, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | Submitted as Halla Gullihar, we have lowercased the byname to use standard transliteration conventions. (See the Cover Letter for the October 2002 LoAR for more information.) As shown by various descriptive bynames in Geirr Bassi, including gullskeggr 'golden beard', gulli 'gold' takes the form gull- when used as a protheme in a descriptive byname. We have, therefore, removed the i from this byname. [Halla gullhar, 02/2003 LoAR, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.02 | There was some discussion whether the use of Odin in this name was presumptuous. Indeed, the byname Odinsson was ruled unregisterable long ago:
In this case, the submitted documentation shows that Odin is found as "a man's name found once in Nicolaa de Bracton's article, 'A Statistical Survey of Given Names in Essex Co., England'" (http://members.tripod.com/nicolaa5/articles/names.html). Sommelier also found that Reaney & Wilson (pp. 327-328 s.n. Oden, Othen) "date Oudon 1066, Odin Goldeberd 1327, and Thomas Oden 1332 (among others)." These examples are sufficient to support the use of Odin as a rare name used by humans in English. As such, it is registerable in the patronymic form FitzOdin so long as there are no additional references to the mythological Odin or a child of Odin. Note, though, that no documentation was found of Odin used by humans in period in Old Norse. Lacking such evidence, it is continues to be unregisterable in an Old Norse patronymic byname. [Alan FitzOdin, 02/2003 LoAR, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.01 | Submitted as Snorri Hrafnauga Hrólfsson, we have lowercased the descriptive byname hrafnauga in order to use standard transliteration conventions. (See the Cover Letter for the October 2002 LoAR for more information.) [Snorri hrafnauga Hrólfsson, 01/2003 LoAR, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.01 | Listed on the LoI as Kýlan Magnússon, this name was submitted as Kylan Magnusson. Old Norse names are registerable with accents used consistently or omitted consistently. Therefore, we have returned this name to the submitted form, which did not include any accents. [Kylan Magnusson, 01/2003 LoAR, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.01 | Submitted as Bjarki Bíldr, we have put the byname into lowercase in order to match the submitted documentation and to register this name. [Bjarki bíldr, 01/2003 LoAR, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.01 | Listed on the LoI as Ævarr inn viðf{o,}rli, the submitter requested authenticity for Viking culture. As both the form and the documentation included an accent on the first i in the byname, we have included that accent in the name. [Ævarr inn víðf{o,}rli, 01/2003 LoAR, A-Outlands] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.01 | Listed on the LoI as Vi{dt}arr Grimsson, the submitter requested authenticity for 9th to 11th C Norse. The Da'ud notation for the edh character, ð, is {dh}, not {dt}. We have added the accent to the í in the byname to follow the submitted documentation and to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Viðarr Grímsson, 01/2003 LoAR, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.01 | Submitted as Tyrvi Úlfkellsson, the patronymic byname derived from the masculine given name Úlfkell is Úlfkelsson, not Úlfkellsson. We have made this correction. [Tyrvi Úlfkelsson, 01/2003 LoAR, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.01 | Submitted as Thóra Ottarsdóttir, the submitter requested authenticity for Norse. Old Norse names are registerable if accents are used consistently or omitted consistently. We have added the missing accent to the byname in order to register this name. We have changed the Th in the given name to use the thorn character, Þ, in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Þóra Óttarsdóttir, 01/2003 LoAR, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.12 | [House Njalsson] documentation was presented and none was found that House Njalsson follows a pattern "of period names of organized groups of people" as required by RfS III.2.b.iv. Examples of House + [inherited surname] are found in English and other languages in late period. In these cases, the house name refers to the inherited surname shared by members of this family. Since Norse used literal patronymics in period, different members (generations, et cetera) of a family would not necessarily have the same byname. Lacking evidence that house names would be derived from a patronymic byname in Old Norse, this name is not registerable.
The submitter may wish to know that Argent Snail found information in Magnus Olsen's Farms and Fanes of Old Norway that "some farm names in Old Norway (including Old Norse, since some of the names go back to far enough) were formed from personal names." So, a household name using the given name Njal as a root would be plausible in some form, though the submitted House Njalsson is not plausible. [Nonna the Midwife, 12/2002, R-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.12 | Submitted as Sigrid Finnsdóttir, the submitter requested authenticity for 12th to 13th C Norse. However, this request was not included on the Letter of Intent. Please see the Cover Letter for a further discussion of this issue.
In the 12th C, Old Norse began to give way to regional languages including Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, Icelandic, etc. As submitted, this name combines Sigrid, which was documented as a 16th C Swedish name, and Finnsdóttir, which was documented as an Old Norse patronymic byname. The fully Old Norse form of this name would be Sigriðr Finnsdóttir. Argent Snail found that the 13th C Norwegian form of this name would be Sigrid Finnsdottir, based on Sigrid and Finnr, which are both dated to the 13th C in Lind, E. H. Norsk-Islädska Dopnamn ock Fingerade Namm från Medeltiden. As the 13th C Norwegian form is closer than the Old Norse form to the originally submitted name, we have changed the name to that form to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Sigrid Finnsdottir, 12/2002, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.12 | This name is registerable as a combination of Anglicized Irish and 14th C Icelandic, though this combination carries a weirdness. [Davin Steingrimsson, 12/2002, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.10 | From Pelican: Regarding Capitalization in Norse Bynames
In the Cover Leter to the April 2002 LoAR, I called for comments regarding the requirement that descriptive bynames in Old Norse be written in lowercase. When registering transliteration of non-Roman alphabets (including Norse runes), we register the name using modern transliterations standards. We will also register period transliteration standards where such exist. In the case of Old Norse, there are period manuscripts of sagas and other works that are rendered using the Roman alphabet. From these, we can determine that the period standard was to transliterate descriptive bynames in lowercase. (See the cover letter for the April 2002 LoAR for more information.) The modern transliteration standard, both in Europe and the U.S., is to transliterate descriptive bynames in lowercase. It is important to remember that transliteration is different than translation. Mass-market modern English translations of Old Norse sagas show a wide variety of levels of scholarship. In general, these translate Old Norse names using modern English naming standards - and so capitalize bynames. But these are translations and so are not relevant to the current issue under discussion. Gold Phoenix provided examples from E.V. Gordon's An Introduction to Old Norse and describes this work for those not familiar with Old Norse resources: The work in question is one of the standard texts in the study of the Old Norse language. It was first published in 1927 by the University of Oxford. After several reprints, a revised edition was edited by A.R. Taylor in 1957. This edition was corrected at its second printing in 1962, and subsequently reprinted at least seven times, including the 1983 printing that is in my possession. The author and editor appear to have been professors at the University of Leeds at the time of their writing. An important part of this discussion is whether or not the transliteration standards used by Gordon follow accepted standards. Gunnvör silfrahárr (formerly Gunnora Hallakarva) provided an evaluation of Gordon's work and compared a number of the capitalized bynames found in Gordon to period manuscripts: (1) Alexandr PauePope Alexander. From a Vita of King Eric the Saint, who ruled 1150-1160. This is a translation into Old Norse from a now-lost Latin Vita. Occurs in a phrase of Latin, "...quinto decimo Kalendas Iunii, i Alexandri Paua..." Given the analysis above that was provided by Gunnvör, to the best of our knowledge Gordon does not follow either period transliteration standards or modern transliteration standards. Therefore, we are upholding the current policy of requiring descriptive bynames in Old Norse to be registered in lowercase. The exceptions to this policy are (1) pre-pended descriptive bynames and (2) descriptive bynames based on proper nouns. [Cover Letter for the 10/2002 LoAR] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.10 | The submitter requested a name authentic for "15th C Norse" and allowed no changes. By the 15th C, the Norse language had given way to regional languages including Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, etc. In both Old Norse and English, the name of this location is Hvalsey not Hvalsoy. In fact, the Landnamabok (LANDNÁMABÓK (Sturlubók), http://www.snerpa.is/net/snorri/landnama.htm) lists the spelling Hvalsey. Lacking documentation for the spelling Hvalsoy, it is not registerable. As the submitter does not allow changes, we were unable to change the spelling of this byname in order to register this name. [Jón of Hvalsoy, 10/2002, R-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.10 | Submitted as Gorm Bola, the submitter requested authenticity for early Norse/Russian. There was sufficient contact between the Norse and Russia to make a name mixing these languages registerable, though it is a weirdness. In period, a name combining elements from these languages would have been written all in Norse or all in Russian depending upon the language of the document in which the name was recorded. Lacking a Russian form of Gorm or a Norse form of Bola, we were unable to suggest authentic forms of this name. [...] [Gorm Bolin, 10/2002, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.10 | No documentation was provided and none was found that Vigahamarr is a plausible byname in Old Norse. Aryanhwy merch Catmael found information regarding the elements Viga- and hammar:
<Víga-> (note accent) is found in the Landnamabok (and Geirr Bassi) as a prefixed byname meaning "battle"; the appropriate usage of such a byname would be the construction <Víga-Sigurðr>. <Hamarr> is not found in the Landnamabok, though <sleggja>, "sledge-hammer" is; however, I don't believe we have any evidence for the use of two descriptive bynames in Norse names. [...] [T]he following information from Academy of S. Gabriel report #2431, [...] discusses <hamarr> as a byname: "The Old Norse word for "hammer," <hamarr>, does occur by itself as a byname; however, it was usually not used to refer to the tool. Rather, <hamarr> was often used in place names to denote a rocky crag, and bynames using <hamarr> most likely reflected that fact. Examples that we found are <garðhamarr> 'cliff [near a] farm' and <vegghamarr> 'wall-hammer, precipitous cliff.' Only two bynames that we found appeared to use the word to refer to the tool: <dráttarhamarr> 'pull-hammer' 1240-1244, and <hnióðhamarr> 'riveting hammer' 1243. [2] We cannot say for sure that these last two bynames were used literally of someone who worked with such tools; it is just as likely that they were used metaphorically, likening the bearer in some way to such a tool." [2] is Lind's Personbinamn. On second thought, if the client is more interested in something like <Vígahamarr>, he might be interested in <vegghamarr>. Lacking evidence that Vigahamarr is a plausible byname in Old Norse, it is not registerable. As the submitter did not allow major changes, we were unable to change this name to a registerable form since the changes suggested significantly affected the meaning and/or sound and appearance of the name. [Sigurðr Vigahamarr, 10/2002, R-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.10 | Submitted as Ulfr Blasleggja Bjornsson, the submitter requested authenticity for 9th to 10th C Norse and allowed minor changes. The accents were added at Kingdom and the byname was lowercased to match the submitted documentation.
The byname blásleggja was submitted as a constructed byname combining the elements blá- 'black' and sleggja 'sledge-hammer'. There are several issues with this construction. First, the color referred to by blá- is a blue-black. The color we normally refer to as black (the same one seen in a box of Crayola markers) is refered to by the Old Norse term svartr. More of an issue is the construction itself. No evidence was found a byname would be formed as [color]+[tool] in Old Norse. Lacking such evidence, blásleggja is not registerable. As the submitter did not allow major changes, we were unable to change the byname to sleggja in order to register this name. Additionally, the construction of the patronymic Bjórnsson is incorrect. Information on p. 18 of Geirr Bassi shows that Bjarnarson would be the patronymic byname formed from the given name Bjórn. [Ulfr blásleggja Bjórnsson, 10/2002, R-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.09 | This name is being returned for lack of documentation of the byname totiþjalfi as a plausible period byname. The byname toti, meaning 'breast' (well, not quite, but this is a family forum), is listed in Geirr Bassi (p. 29). However, there are no examples of this byname being used in a compound byname. Additionally, no evidence was found that the byname þjalfi (also found in Geirr Bassi on p. 29), meaning 'embracer, conqueror' would be combined with an element refering to a body part. Lacking support for this construction, it is not registerable. As the submitter only allows minor changes, we were unable to drop an element and register this name as Styrkárr toti or Styrkárr þjalfi.
There was also a good bit of discussion regarding whether the constructed byname was offensive. We are declining to rule on that issue at this time. [Styrkárr totiþjalfi, 09/2002 LoAR, R-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.09 | Submitted as Arnóra inn hárfagri, the submitted byname is a masculine form. Since the given name is feminine, we have changed the byname to the feminine form in hárfagra in order to register this name. [Arnóra in hárfagra, 09/2002 LoAR, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.09 | Listed on the LoI as Oláfr Eiriksson, this name was originally submitted as Olaf Ericson and changed at Kingdom to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. The submitter requested authenticity for an unspecified language/culture, which Kingdom interpreted as Old Norse because all of the documentation for this name came from Geirr Bassi. In an Old Norse name, accents should be used or omitted consistently. Therefore, a fully Old Norse form of this name would be Oláfr Eiríksson.
Argent Snail found that the originally submitted form of this name is authentic for 15th C Swedish:
Since the originally submitted form is authentic for a culture (15th C Swedish) and the submitter did not specify a culture in his request for authenticity, we are registering this name in the originally submitted form. [Olaf Ericson, 09/2002 LoAR, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.09 | Submitted as Kolfinna inn barnakarl, barnakarl is a masculine gender noun. Descriptive bynames that are nouns do not have to agree with the gender of the given name. Therefore, Kolfinna barnakarl is grammatically correct. Kolfinna inn barnakarl is not grammatically correct because the article inn is feminine and the word it modifies, barnakarl, is masculine. [Kolfinna barnakarl, 09/2002 LoAR, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.09 | Listed on the LoI as Isrið inn glaða, this name was submitted as Isrið inn glöða and changed at kingdom to match the documentation (Geirr Bassi, p. 21, which lists glaði as a descriptive byname meaning 'glad, happy') and to feminize the epithet. The byname form inn glaða is not completely a feminine form since the particle inn is a masculine form. The completely feminine form of this byname would be in glaða. We have made this change in order to register this name. [Isrið in glaða, 09/2002 LoAR, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.09 | [Order name Order of the Ulftönn of Starkhafn ] Listed on the LoI as Order of the Tönn frá Úlfr of Starkhafn, this name was submitted as Tönn frá Úlfur and changed at Kingdom to match available documentation. The submitting group requested authenticity for "Icelandic" culture.
Argent Snail provided grammar correction information for this item:
We have corrected the grammar in the main element in this order name to Ulftönn according to Argent Snail's recommendation. [Starkhafn, Barony of, 09/2002 LoAR, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.09 | Submitted as Rannveig upplending R{ø-}riksdóttir, upplending was submitted as a feminine version of the byname upplendingr, meaning 'Upplander (Sweden)', listed in Geirr Bassi (p. 29). However, upplendingr is a noun, not an adjective, and so does not take a different form when used in a woman's name. We have made this correction.
The submitted R{ø-}riksdóttir violates RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency in a name phrase, because it combines the Old Swedish or Old Danish R{ø-}rik with the Old Norse -dóttir. Argent Snail provided a consistently Old Norse form of this byname:
We have changed the byname to the form Hrøríksdóttir as suggested by Argent Snail in order to register this name. [Rannveig upplendingr Hrøríksdóttir, 09/2002 LoAR, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.09 | Listed on the LoI as Rognvaldr Viljálmsson, the name was submitted as R{o,}gnvaldr Viljálmsson. We have corrected the given name to the submitted form. The masculine given name listed on p. 16 of Geirr Bassi is Vilhjálmr, not Viljálmr. We have corrected the patronymic byname accordingly. [R{o,}gnvaldr Vilhjálmsson, 09/2002 LoAR, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.09 | This name combines Anglicized Irish and Old Norse in a single name, which has been ruled unregisterable:
Additionally, the byname 6zveginn is incorrect. Geirr Bassi (p. 26) lists this byname as óþveginn - with the initial character being an accented o, not the number 6, and the second character being a thorn, not a z. [Turlough 6zveginn, 09/2002 LoAR, R-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.08 | Submitted as Kárr inn danski Ivarsson, accents should be used or omitted consistently throughout the name. We have added the accent to the patronymic byname to match the use of the accent in the given name. [Kárr inn danski Ívarsson, 08/2002, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.08 | Submitted as Finnr bogsveiger Úlfsson, the form listed in Geirr Bassi (p. 20) is bogsveigir rather than bogsveiger. We have made this corrrection. [Finnr bogsveigir Úlfsson, 08/2002, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.08 | Submitted as Tyrvaldr Berserkr, we have changed the descriptive byname to lowercase to match conventional Old Norse spelling. [Tyrvaldr berserkr, 08/2002, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.08 | Listed on the LoI as Thorstein Gullsmithr Ragnarsson, the submitter requested an authentic Scandinavian name for 700-1000 and allowed minor changes. This name was submitted as Thorstein Ragnarsson Gullsmithr. The byname order was reversed at Kingdom to follow the standard practice of placing the descriptive byname before the patronymic byname. However, switching the order of the bynames changes the meaning of the name significantly enough that it is a major change, which the submitter does not allow. Thorstein Ragnarsson Gullsmithr means 'Thorstein, Ragnarr goldsmith's son'. Thorstein Gullsmithr Ragnarsson means 'Thorstein goldsmith, Ragnarr's son'. In the first order, Ragnarr is the goldsmith. In the second order, Thorstein is the goldsmith. We have returned the bynames to the originally submitted order.
We have changed the name to use 'Þ' and 'ð' characters rather than the Anglicized 'Th' and 'dh', and have lowercased the descriptive byname gullsmiðr, to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Þorsteinn Ragnarsson gullsmiðr, 08/2002, A-Drachenwald] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.08 | Submitted as Ælfric gylðir, the submitter requested authenticity for 11th C Norse. As submitted, this name combined an Anglo-Saxon given name with an Old Norse byname. Given the amount of contact, a name mixing Old English and Old Norse is registerable with a weirdness. Regarding authenticity, though, in period this name would have been written all in Old English or all in Old Norse depending upon the language of the document. Argent Snail found an Old Norse form of the given name:
We have changed the given name to the form documented by Argent Snail to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Alfric gylðir, 08/2002, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.08 | Listed on the LoI as Alaric Svartøx, this name was submitted as Alaric svartøx. We have corrected the typographical error in the byname. The submitter requested authenticity for 8th to 10th C Norse and allowed any changes. We have changed the given name to the Old Norse form Alrekr listed in Geirr Bassi (p. 7) to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Alrekr svartøx, 08/2002, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.08 | Submitted as Axel Haroldsson, the submitter allowed any changes. He specified 8th to 11th C "Scandanavian[sic] Dansk Norge Svenska" in the authenticity section but noted that he did not wish changes to make his name authentic.
As submitted, the byname Haroldsson used the English name Harold in an Old Norse patronymic form. As such, it violated RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency in a single name element. Heralds attending the decision meeting at Pennsic found the byname Haroldsøn dated to 1424 in Sveriges Medeltida Personnamn (vol. 11, column 118, s.n. Harald). This is the closest form found to the submitted byname. We have changed the byname to this form in order to register this name. Argent Snail noted that "Lind dates Axel in this spelling to 1366, while Sveriges Medeltida Personnamn dates this spelling of Axel to 1397 and 1398." So, Axel Haroldsøn is a fine name for late 14th C or early 15th C Swedish. Regarding the time period and culture in which the submitter noted an interest, Geirr Bassi (p. 8) lists the given name Áskell, and (p. 11) Haraldr. From this information, an authentic Old Norse name appropriate for the submitter's desired time period would be Áskell Haraldsson. As the submitter noted he did not wish changes to make his name authentic for this time and culture, we have made the minimum changes necessary in order to register this name. [Axel Haroldsøn, 08/2002, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.08 | Submitted as Ginnir sleggja Dagsson, Ginnir was documented only as the name of an Old Norse rune. Lacking documentation that it was used as a given name in period, it is not registerable. As the submitter allowed changing the given name to Gunnar if Ginnir was unregisterable, we have made this change in order to register this name. [Gunnar sleggja Dagsson, 08/2002, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.08 | Submitted as Ságadís Duncansdaughter, documentation was provided supporting the construction of Norse feminine given names formed by combining the name of a Norse goddess with the deuterotheme -dis. The LoI provided documentation for Sága as the name of a Norse goddess:
Documentation was also provided demonstrating the survival of this type of name in Swedish and Danish in the 14th through 17th C. Therefore, Ságadís is plausible as an Old Norse feminine given name that was also used later in Swedish and Danish. Black (p. 412 s.n. Lambie) dates Mariora Lammeis dothyr to 1527, which supports a byname using a form of daughter in Scots. We have changed the byname to follow this example. Mixing Swedish or Danish with Scots in a name is registerable with a weirdness. [Ságadís Duncans dothyr, 08/2002, A-Drachenwald] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.07 | Submitted as Ivarr Bearshoulders, the LoI noted that the submitter "would gladly accept [the byname] being translated into Old Norse, Icelandic or Norwegian". Multiple members of the College found bynames using elements meaning 'bear' and 'shoulders' in Old Norse, along with descriptive bynames that support a byname meaning 'bear-shoulders' as being plausible in Old Norse. Therefore, we have changed the byname to the form bjarnherðar as suggested by the College. We have also added the accent to the Í in the given name, as accents should be used when ð is used in the name. [Ívarr bjarnherðar, 07/2002, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.07 | Listed on the LoI as Kjalvor Eyjadotter, this name was submitted as Kjalvor Eyjadatter. No notation was made in the LoI regarding this change. The submitter requested authenticity for 10th to 11th C Viking and allowed minor changes. Clarion found that, "According to page 18 of Geirr Bassi, the genitive form of Eyja is Eyju, so the matronymic should be Eyjudóttir. Geirr Bassi also notes that matronymics exist." We have changed the byname to this form to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. We have also changed the given name to the form documented in Geirr Bassi. [Kjalv{o,}r Eyjudóttir, 07/2002, A-Outlands] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.07 | The LoI supported the submitted phrase the Hun by documenting the Old Norse term húnar:
Therefore, the Hun is a Lingua Anglica form of húnar. Eiríkr húnar would be a fully Old Norse form of the first two elements in this name. [Eric the Hun of Alta, 07/2002, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.07 | Submitted as Sigulf Bjornsson, the Old Norse form of a patronymic byname formed from the given name Bjorn is Bjarnarson. Mention was made in commentary of a precedent ruling Bjornsson to be a valid patronymic formed from Bjorn. The precedent in question is:
This information supports Bjornsson as a 14th C Swedish byname, not as an Old Norse byname. While mixing Old English and Old Norse in a name is registerable with a weirdness, mixing Old English and Swedish in a name is not registerable. We have changed the byname to the Old Norse form in order to register this name. [Sigulf Bjarnarson, 07/2002, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.07 | Listed on the LoI as Signy Halfdanarsdottir, this name was submitted as Signy Halfdansdottir. We have corrected the patronymic to the proper Old Norse form. [Signy Halfdanardottir, 07/2002, A-Drachenwald] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.07 | Submitted as Thorkatla in mána, Geirr Bassi lists máni as a byname without the article in. Also in the bynames section, Geirr Bassi lists Mana- as an element that is prepended to a given name. Therefore, Þorkatla máni is a fully Old Norse form of this name, of which Thorkatla máni is a registerable variant. Lacking evidence that this byname is one that would include a definite article, the form in mána is not registerable. The LoI noted that:
Mánadóttir is a patronymic byname based on the given name Máni, of which Mána is the genitive form, hence Mánadóttir. As the submitted in mána is not registerable, we have followed the instructions in the LoI and registered this name using the submitter's preferred alternative. Accents in Old Norse names need to be included or omitted consistently throughout the name. We have added the accent on the 'o' in the byname since the accent was included on the 'a'. [Thorkatla Mánadóttir, 07/2002, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.06 | Submitted as Æsa in bjard{oe}lska, bjard{oe}lska was submitted as a constructed byname meaning 'woman from Bear-Dale'. Geirr Bassi lists the bynames Bjarneyja- (p. 20) meaning 'Bear Island-', eyverska (p. 21) meaning 'woman from the Orkney Islands', and inn haukd{oe}lski (p. 22) meaning 'man from the Hawk-Dale'. From these examples, and other information found by the College, a byname meaning 'woman from Bear-Dale' would take the form bjarnd{oe}lska or in bjarnd{oe}lska. We have added the missing n to the byname. [Æsa in bjarnd{oe}lska, 06/2002, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.06 | Listed on the LoI as Gunnarr skald Þorvaldsson, the forms and the documentation had an accent on the 'a' in the descriptive byname. The LoI noted that the "[s]ubmitter would like one of: 'Truthsinger' or something that means truthsinger or truthpoet if possible. We were unable to find out if truth is possible or, of so, how it would be used with skald." The College was unable to find any evidence that a descriptive byname meaning 'truthsinger' or 'truthpoet' is plausible in Old Norse. Therefore, we have left the byname as the submitted skáld, meaning 'skald, poet'. [Gunnarr skáld Þorvaldsson, 06/2002, A-Ealdormere] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.05 | The summary of supporting documentation provided in the LoI was inadequate. The names of a number of sources were listed, but no indication was given regarding what information in these sources was pertinent to this submission. Additionally, only one of those sources was listed in Appendix H of the Administrative Handbook, "Name Books That Do Not Require Photocopies to Laurel". Photocopies are required for supporting documentation for any sources not on this list. No photocopies of any documentation was provided with this submission.
The submitted name was intended to mean 'Sandy Forest'. No examples were provided of similar constructions in Old Norse to demonstrate that such a pattern is plausible for that language. Metron Ariston found some support for this name:
The information provided by Metron Ariston addresses the documentation of the elements. However, the lack of a valid petition prevents registration of any form of this name. [Sandmork, Canton of, 05/2002, R-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.05 | Listed on the LoI as Eiríkr häggvandi Ivarrson, the submitter requested authenticity for 7th C Norse and allowed minor changes. This name was submitted as Eiríkr Ivarrson Häggvandi and changed at kingdom to follow the more typical byname order of having the descriptive byname preceed the patronymic byname. The descriptive byname was also put into lowercase to follow the documentation.
An Old Norse patronymic byname formed from the given name Ívarr would be Ívarsson rather than Ívarrson. Geirr Bassi (p. 23) shows that the proper spelling of this byname is h{o,}ggvandi rather than häggvandi. We have made these corrections. Changing the order of the bynames is a major change, which the submitter does not allow. Lacking documentation that the submitter approved this change, we have returned the byname order to the originally submitted order to remove this major change. In addition to the change in sound and appearance caused by the changing of the bynames, this change also changes the meaning of the byname in this case. The original order indicates that h{o,}ggvandi, meaning 'hewer' or 'herdsman', refers to Ívarr rather than his son Eiríkr. [Eiríkr Ívarsson h{o,}ggvandi, 05/2002, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.05 | This name combines the given name Kristin, which was documented as a Swedish feminine given name dating to 1318, with the Old Norse byname in hárfagra. Mixing Old Norse and Swedish is registerable, though it is a weirdness. [Kristin in hárfagra, 05/2002, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2002.05 | This name contains two non-patronymic bynames in Norse, which has previously been cause for return. Gunnvör silfrahárr (formerly Gunnora Hallakarva) found examples of people who were referred to using two non-patronymic bynames simultaneously. She provided the following examples and translations so each name may be viewed in context:
Given these examples, a name using two non-patronymic bynames in Old Norse is registerable so long as the bynames could reasonably be used to simultaneously describe the same person. In the case of the submitted name, the two bynames mean 'shrieking' and 'woman from the Orkney Islands'. These bynames have different meanings and could both have described the same person at the same point in her life. Therefore, this name is registerable. [Þórdís gjallandi eyv |