Name Precedents of the SCA College of Arms

The Tenure of Master François la Flamme

Last Revised: 25 May 2003
Period Covered: 08/01 -- 03/02

The latest revision adds precedents from March 2003.

This is a draft of name precedents from the tenure of Master François la Flamme as Laurel Principal King of Arms. During this period name rulings were made primarily by Mistress Mari Elspeth nic Bryan, Pelican Queen of Arms. Please verify all precedents you wish to use with the cited LoAR. There is the beginning of an index. Direct all comments and questions to Jeanne Marie Lacroix, mranc@earthlink.net

In the January 2002 CL Pelican included a table showing whether various language combinations were a weirdness or not registerable. That table has been modified and expanded - and will be updated on a regular basis - and is available as Weirdness Table. Because of this, the original table is not included in these precedents.

The following heralds are refered to by title in the precedents: al-Jamal (Da'ud ibn Auda), Cornelian (Margaret MacDubhshithe), Gage (Juliana de Luna), Garnet (Juliana de Luna), Kraken (Evan da Collaureo), Koira (Pietari Pentinpoika Uv), Metron Ariston (Alisoun MacCoul of Elphane), Nebuly (Walraven van Nijmegen) and Trans-Pontine (Blaise de Cormeilles).

The September 2001 Cover Letter included a multi-page discussion on which Gaelic and Anglicized particles should conflict. This was a call for discussion with the topic to be ruled on at the April 2002 Pelican meeting. Depending on the form of that decision, the dicussion from the September CL probably will not be included in the compiled precedents. For convenience, I have included the whole discussion at the end of this draft.

Table of Contents (Names)

Administrative
Anglo-Saxon
Arabic
Branch
Bynames
Chinese
Compatible (Languages) see also Weirdness Table
Compatible (SCA)
Conflict - Other Names
Conflict - Personal Names see also Conflict Table
Danish
Deity
Documentation
Dutch
English
French
Gaelic (Anglicized) see Irish (Non-Gaelic)
Gaelic (Irish, Manx, Scottish)
German
Grammar
Grandfather Clause
Household
Hungarian
Indian
Irish (non-Gaelic)
Italian
Japanese
Jewish
Joke Names
Latin
Legal Name Allowance
Lingua Anglica
Literary Names
Locatives and Place Names
Matronymic see Patronynmic and Matronymic
Mongolian Mundane Name Allowance see Legal Name Allowance
Norse and Scandinavian
Orders and Awards
Patronymic and Matronymic
Polish
Portuguese see Spanish and Portuguese
Presumption
Rules for Submission (RfS) Cites
Russian
Saints' Names
Scandinavian see Norse and Scandinavian
Scottish (non-Gaelic)
Spanish and Portuguese
Spelling Variants
Swedish see Norse and Scandinavian
Temporal Disparity
Titles
Turkish
Weirdness see also Weirdness Table
Welsh

Administrative

We have dropped Incipient from the submitted name, as the College does not track this status. [Dragonmarch, Shire of, 10/01, A-Artemisia]
Listed on the LoI as Chrestien de Xavier, the name was originally submitted as Christian de Xavier. The submitter requested an authentic English/French name but allowed no changes. As we have no documentation that the submitter authorized the spelling change to this name, the change was in violation of the submitter's allowed changes and must be returned to the submitted form. Happily the College was able to find documentation for Christian. [Christian de Xavier, 10/01, A-Middle]
Listed on the LoI as Fiodnach Eoghan, Shire of, the petition that accompanied this submission listed the name as Fiach Ogan. The word fiach means 'raven'. It is completely different from Fiodh, which means 'wood'. Additionally, Ogan is a completely different name from Eoghan. Both of these changes are major changes, which are not permitted according to the submission form. The submitters requested authenticity for Irish Gaelic. Fiach Ogan, listed on the petition, does not follow documented examples of place names in Irish Gaelic. As the name listed on the petition is not registerable and it would take more than minor changes to make this name registerable, it must be returned. [Fiodnach Eoghan, Shire of, 11/01, R-Trimaris]
A character has been used from time to time, and I would like to formally introduce it and specify its representation. The letter o ogonek is used in Geirr Bassi (because it was used in Old Icelandic). It is usually seen as an o with a small comma-like hook under it, though a Unicode reference says Various hooks, commas, and squiggles may be substituted for the nominal forms. It isn't in Latin-1, the standard Western European character set. In fact, it doesn't appear to be in any font that we currently have available. Therefore, I will represent it without further explanation as {o,}, not just in Da'ud notation text files but also in LoARs. [11/01, CL]
The letter of intent listed this item as a device-only submission, and noted in the discussion that Kingdom had formed a holding name. This must be returned because neither the Kingdom nor Laurel may form a holding name for a branch. Without an associated name, armory may not be registered. [Brant County, Canton of, 12/01, R-Ealdomere]
The Letter of Intent listed this item as a device-only submission, and noted in the discussion that Kingdom had formed a holding name. This must be returned because, according to the Administrative Handbook, Kingdoms cannot form holding names. This is therefore administratively equivalent to a submission without an associated name. Also according to the Administrative Handbook, armory may not be registered without an associated name. [Niall of Skelter Gate, 12/01, R-Ealdomere]
Submitted as a name appeal, this is really a name change and must be submitted as such. When her current name, Brenda MacGhie of Kintyre, was registered in March 2001, the name was registered unchanged by Laurel. Therefore, any change to the registered name is a name change, not an appeal. [Brenna MacGhie of Kintyre, 01/02, R-Atenveldt]
[Name change from Donnchadh mac Shithich] This was an appeal of changes made to his name when it was registered. The registration of his name in the July 2000 LoAR says:
Submitted as Donnaichadh Síomaigh MacKeith, he requested a name authentic for 15th century Scotland. We have therefore not only dropped the middle name, not used in Gaelic, and changed the given name to a documented spelling but also changed the patronymic to a Gaelic form as well. The name could have been equally possible in the entirely Anglicized form Duncan MacKeith.
The LoI states "The justification for appealing the name registered and changing it to this one (or something similar) is that the client was very dissatisfied with the name registered to him, and the mispronunciation of it that naturally arose because of the way that it was spelled". This is an example of an appeal that points out something that was not considered when the original ruling was made, namely the potential for mispronunciation of this byname. Therefore, we are granting this appeal.

The new form of the name requested by the submitter was Donnchadh mac Céadach. We have put the byname into the genitive as required in a patronymic byname in Gaelic. [Donnchadh mac Céadaigh, 02/02, A-Outlands]
The submitter allows minor changes, and the changing of the language of a particle (here O') is usually a minor change (while changing the language of the patronym, here Maccus, is a major change). It was generally felt at the decision meeting that the change from O' to filius so significantly affected the byname in both look and sound that it was a major change. As the submitter does not allow major changes, we are returning this name. [Conall O'Maccus, 02/02, R-Atenveldt]

Anglo-Saxon

No evidence was provided and none was found to indicate that Eran- is an alternative spelling of the protheme æren. "A" and "e" are not usually interchangeable in Anglo-Saxon. [Eranric of Devon, 12/01, R-Caid]
Listed on the LoI as Æthelwynn Rædwulfsdohter, the forms listed Æthelwynn Rædwulfesdohter. As Metron Ariston explains, "The -es suffix is standard for the genitive in Anglo-Saxon and -dohtor is the usual feminine patronymic". Therefore, we have returned the spelling of the byname to the submitted form. [Æthelwynn Rædwulfesdohter, 01/02, A-Trimaris]

Arabic

Submitted as Rohe Khalila as-Sadafiyya, this name contained two given names in an Arabic name which has been cause for return in the past:
... none of the Arabic-speaking peoples seems to have used double given names, and this practice has been grounds for return in the past (Nasr Hasan ibn Muhammad Abdullaziz, Calontir, 11/93 LoAR). (Talan Gwynek, LoAR October 1995 p. 17)
[Khalila al-Sadafiyya, 09/01, A-Caid]
Submitted as Rohe Khalila as-Sadafiyya ... The given name Rohe was documented as a hypothetical feminine name based on the masculine name Rohi. Not all Arabic masculine given names can be feminized. Without evidence that Rohe is a plausible Arabic feminine name in period, it is not registerable. [Khalila al-Sadafiyya, 09/01, A-Caid]
Khalila was documented as a word meaning 'female' from an Arabic-English dictionary. This documentation is not sufficient to register Khalila as a feminine given name. al-Jamal noted that Khalilah is the expected feminine form of the period male given name Khalil and found Khalilah included in the name of a period text. This is sufficient evidence to register Khalilah as a feminine given name. [Khalila al-Sadafiyya, 09/01, A-Caid]
The submitted byname as-Sadafiyyah was documented as a laqab from an Arabic-English dictionary. This documentation gives no indication of whether it is a plausible laqab in period. al-Jamal found the masculine form of this laqab al-Sadafi in period and gives the feminine form as al-Sadafiyyah. Depending upon which transliteration conventions you are using, the terminal 'h' is retained or not. Therefore, registerable forms of this name are Khalilah al-Sadafiyyah and Khalila al-Sadafiyya. The submitter allows major changes and her "primary interest is in the final name element, Sadafi". As such, we have have registered the form of the name which uses the form of the final name element closest to her submitted form. [Khalila al-Sadafiyya, 09/01, A-Caid]
This submission is being returned for improper construction of the byname. Al-Jamal summarizes the problem:
"Al-Badr is a laqaab based on the given name Badr." But laqabs are not created from given names. They are sometimes related to given names (Rashid and al-Rashid, for example) but the one does not necessarily lead to the other.
No documentation was provided, nor was any found that a byname meaning 'the moon' is a reasonable descriptive byname in Arabic. Were such documentation found, this byname would still need to change somewhat since laqabs must match in gender to the given name and al-Badr is masculine not feminine.

This name could have been registered as Rasha bint Badr using Badr as her father's given name. However, changing the byname from 'the moon' to 'daughter of [a man whose name happens to mean 'moon']' is a major change. Since the submitter did not allow major changes, we must return this submission. [Rasha al-Badr, 09/01, R-Caid]
Submitted as Banujah al-Marrakeshi, al-Marrakeshi is the masculine form of this byname and cannot be used with a feminine given name. We have changed the byname to the feminine form. [Banujah al-Marrakeshiyyah, 10/01, A-Outlands]
Submitted as Diamiana bint al-Katib, no support was found for the spelling Diamiana. We have therefore changed it to a documented spelling.

The mix of a 4th C Coptic given name with an Arabic byname that could date from no earlier than the 7th C is a weirdness. [Damiana bint al-Katib, 10/01, A-Outlands]
This name is being returned for use of the laqab al-Din, which has been previously prohibited:
[returning Jaida Badr al-Din] We must return this name for violation of RfS VI.1 (Names Claiming Rank): laqabs of the form <noun> al-Din '<noun> of the Faith' were bestowed upon princes, statesmen, generals and high officers of state by the Caliph as titles and so constitute implicit claims to rank and station. (Talan Gwynek, LoAR February 1996, p. 10)
As the submitter did not allow major changes, we were unable to drop the problematic element. [Amani bint Jamal ibn Diya' al Din al-Sadig, 10/01, R-Outlands]
Submitted as Faruk Abd AllRahman, the submitter allowed any changes. The documentation cited supports 'Abd al-Rahman as an masculine given name. No evidence was presented and none was found for names constructed only of two given names or of unmarked patronymics in Arabic. We have added the patronymic particle ibn and modified the spelling of the byname to match the submitted documentation in order to register the name. [Faruk ibn 'Abd al-Rahman, 12/01, A-Drachenwald]
Submitted as Safia al-Zarqa' bint 'abd al-Jaleel. The convention is that the word 'Abd is capitalized in transcriptions of Arabic names. [Safia al-Zarqa' bint 'Abd al-Jaleel, 02/02, A-Middle]
Keshvar was documented from a Web site titled "Zoroastrian names" (http://www.avesta.org/znames.htm). The names on this site need to be used with care. On his "Medieval Names Archives" website, Arval Benicoeur includes an explanation of the sources for the "Zoroastrian names" site provided by its author:
The Avestan names all occur in the Avesta itself, and thus can be dated to around 1000 BCE or earlier. The Old Persian inscriptions are from around 500–600 BCE. The Parsi names are from Dosabhai Framji Karaka, History of the Parsis I, London 1884. pp. 162–3, and are names in use at that time. The Zoroastrian Irani names are from Farhang-e Behdinan, by Jamshid Sorush Sorushian, Tehran, 1956, and are names used in Kerman and Yazd at that time. You will find many of the names in current usage in the Pahlavi texts as well (ca. 9th ce CE), and in fact date to ancient times, e.g. Av. manush-chithra -> Pahl. Minochehr -> modern menucher. If you consider 9th ce[ntury] CE as medieval, I would suggest looking through the Pahlavi texts for more names.
Keshvar is included under the "Parsi names" and "Irani Zoroastrian names" lists on this site. Therefore, Keshvar is only documented to c. 1884 and c. 1956. Lacking documentation that it was used in period, it is not registerable.

al-Jamal summarizes the issues with the rest of the name:
Afsar is found, undated, in Ahmed (cited in the LoI). Even the example of Afsar-ud-Din is not dated, and since I do not find the name anywhere else, I can only at this time take it as a hypothetical usage. (When Ahmed has dates, he seems to be pretty reliable. When he doesn't, it's generally indicative of modern usage.) He also gives its origin as Persian, and combines it with the Arabic al-Din

Mah (not al-Mah) is found in Schimmel, also undated, also Persian. Not even Ahmed has it as a name element. It is certainly out of place with the Arabic article al- (the), and even if it were not, Afsar is claiming to be the Moon, not from there.
So neither Keshvar nor Afsar are dated to period as given names. The element Mah is not dated to period, and it is documented as Persian. When combined with the Arabic al-, the combination violates RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency within an element. If documentation were found for Mah as an Arabic element in period, it is not appropriate for use in the laqab al-Mah, since such a byname is in violation of RfS I.3, "No name or armory will be registered which claims for the submitter powers, status, or relationships that do not exist", since a human is not the Moon. All of these issues are reason for return and all would need to be addressed in order to register this name. [Keshvar bint Afsar al-Mah, 02/02, R-Atenveldt]
Nasrin was documented as a Persian undated feminine given name in Gandhi and Husain, The Complete Book of Muslim and Parsi Names. The LoI proposes the use of Nasrin as follows:
The submitter notes that the word Nasrin is the name of several flowers (two species of rose, rosa glandulifera and rosa alba; and a jonquil), according to Gandhi and Husain, op. cit.. The place name Nasirin is constructed, based on the examples Homs, Tus, and Tiz (found on a map from Atlas of World) which words are found in Gandhi and Husain, op. cit. as meaning the ephedra plant (among other meanings); new leaf or young grass (spelled Tizh); and a white mulberry. This appears to substantiate that this made up place name is formed in accordance with period practice for place names (per RFS II.2).
This documentation gives no indication of what language Homs, Tus, and Tiz exist in. Also, there is no documentation that these words were the names of places in period or even were used in a language in period. This information would be necessary to support a hypothetical place name Nasrin. Additionally, if support was found for Nasrin as a place name in Persian, it would not be registerable in the form al-Nasriniyya, since it uses Arabic construction. RfS III.1.a requires linguistic consistency in a name phrase. For al-Nasriniyya to be registerable, Nasrin needs to be documented as a place name in Arabic. [Khalila al-Nasiriniyya, 02/02, R-Caid]
The byname al-Zahra is pronounced 'az-Zahra', but it is always written al-Zahra. However, this byname has only been documented as a byname referring to Fatima, the daughter of Muhammad. Lacking evidence that this byname is not unique to Fatima, it is a unique byname and is not registerable. [Zubaydah az-Zahra, 02/02, R-Meridies]

Branch
see also Household
see also Orders and Awards

We have dropped Incipient from the submitted name, as the College does not track this status. [Dragonmarch, Shire of, 10/01, A-Artemisia]
Submitted as Campo di Fiamme, Stronghold of, the group requested an authentic Italian or Latin name. All period Italian placenames beginning with Campo that the College was able to find are shown as a single word and do not include the particle di. As such, we have removed the particle and combined the two elements into a single word. [Campofiamme, Stronghold of, 10/01, A-Drachenwald]
This branch name is being returned for lack of documentation of the name construction. Koira points out the problems with this name:
The submitters have shown that native gods appear in British place names. However, they have not shown that Roman gods do so, even in cases where a Roman god was considered identical with a native one. Also, they have not shown that names of the form <name of god>'s <type of place associated with that god> appear in Britain. I'd expect to see some evidence to support both these points.
... Barring evidence that the construction [Roman god's name] + [type of place associated with that god] is a period construction in Britain and that it was used for places that humans actually lived in, this name is not registerable. [Vulcan's Forge, Canton of, 11/01, R-Meridies]
No documentation was presented and none could be found that Venerable was included in English place names. As Bede was not officially a saint, the question is whether a place named for him would include Venerable, Saint, or no title at all. At least one church was dedicated to him in period since Farmer, The Oxford Dictionary of Saints (p. 506 s.n. Wulfstan) says of Saint Wulfstan (c. 1008-95), "He was specially devoted to the English saints, notably Bede, to whom he dedicated a church". Unfortunately, Farmer does not say what the actual name of the church was. Speed, The Counties of Britain, (p. 75, "map of Durham") includes the phrase, "which as Beda sayth" in a description of the city of Durham. So Speed did not use a title when he referred to Bede in this context. From this information, we know that at least one location (a church) was named for Bede, but we don't know what form it took. The location Bedminster, listed in Ekwall (p. 34 s.n. Bedminster), dates the forms Beiminstre and Betministra to the Domesday Book and gives the meaning of this name as 'B{e-}da's minster or church'. ({e-} represents 'Latin small letter e with macron', a lowercase e with a horizontal bar above, here Da'uded because not all programs can display it correctly via e.) These are the earliest forms found for the name of this location Bedminster, so perhaps this is the location of the church Wulfstan founded, as the Domesday Book dates from during his lifetime. Ekwall (p. 34) lists a number of places that incorporate the name B{e-}da, including Bedburn 'B{e-}da's stream' and Bedfont 'B{e-}da's spring', among others. A placename combining an element derived from 'B{e-}da's' and an element refering to a geographical feature or structute (stream, church, spring, etc.) would be registerable.

Since the submitted name does not use a naming pattern demonstrated to have been used in period English (specifically, the use of Venerable in a place name), this submission must be returned. [Venerable Bede, College of, 11/01, R-Outlands]
RfS III.1.a requires lingual consistency within a name phrase. A place name is a single name phrase. As Avallon is documented as a French placename and Keep is English, Avallon Keep violates this requirement. [Avallon Keep, Canton of¸ 02/02, R-Lochac]

Bynames

The byname the Butcher is registerable in this instance via the lingua Anglica allowance. The Greek form of this name (transliterated) would be Xenos Mageiros. [Xenos the Butcher, 08/01, A-Ansteorra]
Submitted as Morgan the Fell_walker, the LoI justified the byname as meaning "the shrewd walker". However, no evidence was presented that this was a reasonable construction for a period byname. Adjectives shown to modify walker in period include good, slow, fair. The adjective "shrewd" does not seem to fall into this category. Therefore, barring documentation that "the shrewd walker" is a reasonable period byname, we would have to drop the adjective Fell in order to register this name. However, the submitter's legal last name is Fellwalker ... [Morgan Fellwalker, 08/01, A-Caid]
No documentation was provided and none could be found by the College of Arms that Firehair is a reasonable period byname. As such, barring presentation of such documentation, it is not a registerable byname. This is in keeping with the following precedent from 1992:

Fire-lock does not appear to be an epithetical name constructed on Period patterns of naming. Most descriptive epithets are much more literal, such as Dustiberd. (May 1992 LoAR, p. 21). [Maeve Firehair, 08/01, R-Trimaris]
The submitter requested authenticity for the 10th C. Since no evidence was found of any form of the Curious as a 10th C byname, we were unable to make the name authentic. [Cathus the Curious, 09/01, A-Calontir]
There was some discussion regarding the combination of elements in this name. David was documented as an English given name. Lorkin was documented as an English surname which was originally a patronymic byname derived from the given name Lorkin, a diminutive of Lawrence. O'Dea was documented as an Anglicized Irish surname. Use of more than one surname is registerable in both English and Anglicized Irish so long as the combination is plausible.

What is considered "plausible" has to be evaluated on a case by case basis according to the combination in question. For example, Richard the Black the Gray is documentable as a given name followed by two bynames. However, the combination of two descriptive bynames whose meanings are at odds with each other is not plausible.

The question with this submission is whether the combination of an English surname derived from a patronymic byname followed by an Anglicized Irish surname that is also derived from a patronymic byname. Generally, this combination does not seem plausible, as they seem to be at odds with each other.

Happily, the element Lorkin in this name can be viewed as a second given name since Lorkin was a diminutive of Lawrence. Therefore, this name is registerable. [David Lorkin O'Dea, 10/01, A-Meridies]
This name uses an abstract past participle in a descriptive byname. The applicable precedent is:
[Returning Deirdre the Distracted.] While the LoI documented the word "distract" to very late period, no evidence was presented, nor could any of the commenters find any, to demonstrate that epithetical nicknames were constructed in this way from a fairly abstract past participle. Without such evidence, we are unable to register this. [4/94, p.15]
No evidence has been provided to contradict this precedent. As such, this name must be returned. [Aldreda the Undecided, 10/01, R-Ansteorra]
This name uses an abstract past participle in a descriptive byname. The applicable precedent is:
[Returning Deirdre the Distracted.] While the LoI documented the word "distract" to very late period, no evidence was presented, nor could any of the commenters find any, to demonstrate that epithetical nicknames were constructed in this way from a fairly abstract past participle. Without such evidence, we are unable to register this. [4/94, p.15]
[Robert the Banished, 10/01, R-Atlantia]
The submitter requested authenticity for English and allowed any changes. As we have no evidence that the Wicked is a period descriptive byname in English, we were unable to make this name authentic as the submitter requested. However, since wicked is dated to c. 1275 in the Oxford English Dictionary, this name is registerable. [William the Wicked, 11/01, A-Calontir]
There was some question about whether Francach 'French' was a descriptive term that is plausible in a descriptive byname in period Gaelic. (Francach is the nominative form, which becomes Fhrancaigh when it is put in the genitive case and lenited.) The "Annals of the Four Masters", vol. 5, entry M1516.7 (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100005E/), includes "ridire Francach" (meaning 'French knight') as part of the text. This documents the use of an adjective meaning 'French' in period. Vol. 3, entry M1246.9 (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100005C/), lists "Albert almaineach airdespuc Ardamacha", which documents a descriptive byname meaning 'German'. Vol. 6, entry M1599.28 (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100005F/), lists "Domhnall Spainneach mac Donnchaidh, mic Cathaoir Charraigh Chaomhánaigh", which documents a descriptive byname meaning 'Spanish'. Given the examples of descriptive bynames meaning 'German' and 'Spanish', and the documentation of an adjective in Gaelic meaning 'French', a descriptive byname with this meaning is reasonable. [Aileann inghean Fhrancaigh, 01/02, R-Atenveldt]
No documentation was provided and none was found that the construction of the [family name]s was used in period. Lacking such documentation, this form is not registerable. The form Cuilén Gordon would be registerable style. However, this name (in either form) conflicts with the registered name Colin Gordon (registered June 1998). [Cuilén of the Gordons, 01/02, R-Atenveldt]
[Gráinne ingen Domnaill Ildanaig] The submitter requested authenticity for "Early Irish" and allowed minor changes. The element Ildanaig, meaning 'skilled', was intended as her father's descriptive byname and was documented in the nominative ildánach from the Dictionary of the Irish Language (under the heading <il< in the list of compounds). That ildánach appears in the DIL documents that it was an Irish Gaelic word used in period. Some words were used in descriptive bynames. Others weren't. Descriptive bynames are rare in Gaelic. Most of those found refer to a physical trait. Of the few descriptive bynames that have been found to refer to a person's skill, none refer to unspecific concepts like 'skilled'. Someone who was skilled in a particular area might have a descriptive byname referring to that skill. Some examples include Cearrbhach 'gamester, gambler', na Seoltadh 'the sails' (referring to sail manufacturing or perhaps sailing).

In the case of ildánach, we have no evidence that it would have been used in a descriptive byname. The "Annals of the Four Masters" (vol. 5, http://www.ucc.ie/celt/online/G100005E/) list this word twice. Entry M1561.3 reads, "O Beirn Tadhcc, mac Cairpre, mic Maoileachlainn, fer ergna, ioldanach i l-laidin, & i n-gaoidheilcc, & isan dá dlighedh .i. ciuil & cánóin", which the online translation renders as "O'Beirne (Teige, the son of Carbry, son of Melaghlin), a learned man, well skilled in Latin and Irish, and in the two laws, namely, civil and canon". Entry M1534.7 reads, "Maol Muire Mac Eochadha adhbhar ollamhan Laighean lé dán, fer eccna iolldánach bá maith tegh n-aoidhedh", which the online translation renders as, "Mulmurry Mac Keogh, intended Ollav of Leinster in poetry, a learned man, skilled in various arts, who kept a good house of hospitality". In both of these instances, ioldanach/iolldánach (later forms of ildánach) does not stand alone. It is used in conjuction with other words which specify what the person is skilled at (even if it is something as vague as 'various arts'). Additionally, in both examples, the phrase which includes a form of ildánach is not actually part of the name. Lacking evidence that ildánach would be used on its own to describe someone, it is not registerable. If it were used in a descriptive phrase, as is the case with the cited "ioldanach i l-laidin" 'skilled in Latin', it would be registerable.

We have found a single instance of a form of ildánach used as what appears to be a given name. "Genealogies from Rawlinson B 502" (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G105003/), entry 492 give a genealogy as "Suibne m. Caíróc m. Maíl Chroí m. Mugróin m. Domnaill m. Conaill m. Rechtada m. Rechtáin m. Maíle Anfaid m. Dímmae m. Illdánaich m. Sáráin mc Senaig". Given this example, this name would be registerable using Ildanaig as her grandfather's name: Gráinne ingen Domnaill meic Ildanaig. However, it was felt that adding the particle meic, and so changing Ildanaig from her father's descriptive byname to her grandfather's given name, was more than a minor change. As she does not allow major changes, we were unable to make this change or to drop the problematic element. [Gráinne ingen Domnaill Ildanaig, 01/02, R-West]
The byname the Lame is a Lingua Anglica translation of the Russian byname Khromoi, which Wickenden dates to circa 1495. Therefore, a fully Russian form of this name would be Radigost Khromoi. [Radigost the Lame, 02/02, A-Atenveldt]
Submitted as Evelyn Merrymet, no documentation was provided and none was found that Merrymet was a phrase used in period. Lacking such documentation, it is not registerable. If such documentation were found, evidence would also be needed that Merrymet would be a plausible "phrase" byname. None of the period examples provided in the LoI included a phrase which had a past tense element. In the example of Welcum found in Reaney & Wilson (p. 480 s.n. Welcome), come is not past tense. [Evelyn Merry, 02/02, A-Atlantia]

Chinese

A second problem with this submission is that it mixes onyomi (Chinese) and kunyomi (Japanese) readings of the Kanji characters in a single name element. The elements Kentsuki and Kaito have this problem. [Kentsuki no Ujitora Kaito Tamashi, 09/01, R-Caid]

Compatible (Languages)
see also Weirdness Table

The submitter requested authenticity for 16th C German-Welsh. No documentation has been provided of substantial contact between German and Welsh cultures. Therefore, a name combining German and Welsh elements is not registerable. [Anton Cwith, 08/01, A-Ansteorra]
The combination of Scots and Welsh is registerable, though it is considered a weirdness. As such, Anton Cwith is registerable as a mix of Scots and Welsh. Note: this ruling does not alter previous rulings prohibiting mixed Gaelic/Welsh names, as Scots is a different language than Scottish Gaelic. [Anton Cwith, 08/01, A-Ansteorra]
Mixing Spanish and Italian in a name is registerable, though it is a weirdness. [Helena Seren de Luna, 08/01, A-Atenveldt]
... the combination of a Russian given name and a German byname is not documented... although it is registerable.[Tatiana Heinemann, 08/01, A-Trimaris]
... Russian and Welsh are not a registerable combination. [09/01, CL]
... An English and Irish Gaelic combination is registerable with one weirdness. [09/01, CL]
... An Italian and Irish Gaelic combination is not registerable. [09/01, CL]
The given name ... is Gaelic and the byname ... is Scots. While this lingual mix is registerable, it is a weirdness. [Ailill Lockhart, 09/01, A-Atenveldt]
Submitted as Katrina Celeste Rosehearty, this name had one weirdness for mixing the English Celeste with an otherwise Scots name ... [Katrina Rosehearty, 09/01, A-Caid]
This name combines a Gaelic given name with an Anglicized byname which is a weirdness. [Banbnat MacDermot, 09/01, A-Calontir]
A second problem with this submission is that it mixes onyomi (Chinese) and kunyomi (Japanese) readings of the Kanji characters in a single name element. The elements Kentsuki and Kaito have this problem. [Kentsuki no Ujitora Kaito Tamashi, 09/01, R-Caid]
Therefore, there is only one weirdness in this name: the one for mixing the French name Maura with the Scots byname MacPharlane. [Maura MacPharlane, 10/01, A-Atlantia]
The mix of a 4th C Coptic given name with an Arabic byname that could date from no earlier than the 7th C is a weirdness. [Damiana bint al-Katib, 10/01, A-Outlands]
There are two issues with the name Lilias MacLeòid ... The first is a mix of Gaelic and English. This is one weirdness, but such a mix is registerable. [Lilias MacLeod, 10/01, A-Trimaris]
Given the significant contact between Turks and crusaders, combining a Turkish given name and an English byname in the same name is registerable, though it is a weirdness. [Mihrimah the Traveler, 10/01, R-Ansteorra] [Ed.: returned for two weirdnesses]
This name combines a pre-1100 Dutch given name with a Norse byname. Given the wide sphere of influence of Norse traders/raiders/et cetera, it seems reasonable that these two cultures had significant contact. Therefore, this combination is registerable, although a weirdness. [Aldgudana Gunnarsdóttir, 11/01, A-An Tir]
... this name is not authentic. It has one weirdness for mixing Scots and French. [Laurensa Fraser, 11/01, A-Ansteorra]
This name mixes the Irish Gaelic Muirghein with the Anglicized MacKiernan which is a weirdness. [Muirghein MacKiernan, 11/01, A-Ansteorra]
Mixing the Italian Francesca with the German Gerdrudis and German Kesselheim is a weirdness. [Francesca Gerdrudis Kesselheim, 11/01, A-Atenveldt]
Mixing English and German in a single name is a weirdness. [Lillian von Wolfsberg, 11/01, A-Atlantia]
Although this name combines a Gaelic given name with an English byname, which is a weirdness, it is registerable. [Caitlin Watkyns, 11/01, A-Caid]
This name has a weirdness for mixing pre-1200 and post-1200 Gaelic orthographies. [Tigernach Ó Catháin, 11/01, A-Caid]
[Neuschel Consort of Musicke] Regarding the lingual mix, the designator in a household name may be rendered either in the language appropriate to the submission or in English. Just as House Neuschel is registerable, so Neuschel Consort of Musicke is registerable. [Wolfgang Neuschel der Grau, 11/01, A-Caid]
All evidence provided with the submission and found by the College indicates that Niall is a spelling unique to Gaelic in period. It is included in the headers in Withycombe (p. 228 s.n. Nigel), but the text makes it clear that Niall is the usual modern Irish form. Given that the Anglo-Normans who settled in Ireland spoke French, and many were descended from families from Normandy, this Gaelic and French mix is registerable, though it is a weirdness. [Niall de Marseilles, 11/01, A-Lochac]
The lingual mix of Italian (Arianna) and English (Wlfraven) is registerable, though it is a weirdness. [Arianna Wlfraven, 11/01, A-Trimaris]
This name has two weirdnesses: one for lingual disparity and a second for temporal disparity. The given name Temair is documented to 665 as an Irish Gaelic feminine given name. The element Sweynsei is documented to 1188 as a place name in English. Therefore, the submitted name combines Irish Gaelic and English, which is a weirdness, and combines elements more than 300 years apart, which is another weirdness. [Temair Sweynsei, 11/01, R-Calontir]
Mixing Russian and English is a weirdness. [Rumil Fletcher, 12/01, A-Ansteorra]
Mixing Gaelic and Scots is a weirdness. [Coilín de Kirkpatrick, 12/01, A-Artemisia]
The name has a weirdness for mixing Gaelic and Anglicized forms. [Fionnghuala O Murrigane, 12/01, A-Artemisia]
There is one weirdness for mixing the French Amalia with the German Künne. [Amalia Künne, 12/01, A-Atlantia]
Callistus was the name of a patriarch of Constantinople (d. 1363), part of the name of Nicephorus Callistus Xanthopoulos (a Byzantine historian, d. 1335), and the name of a pope in 1457. It is also a Latinized form of the French given name Calixte. Juliana de Luna's article "Portuguese Names 1350-1450" lists Gill as a patronymic byname. This name mixes Latinized French and Portuguese, which is a weirdness. [Callistus Gill, 12/01, A-Atlantia]
This name mixes the Gaelic Colum with the English or Scots Maxwell, which is registerable though it counts as a weirdness. [Colum Maxwell, 12/01, A-Atlantia]
Mixing Old English and Old Norse is a weirdness. [Ethelfleda Daviðsdottir, 12/01, A-Atlantia]
The name has a weirdness for mixing Swedish and Norse. [Iodis Ebbesdottir, 12/01, A-Drachenwald]
Mixing Scots and Norse is registerable, though it counts as a weirdness. [Skafte Waghorne, 12/01, A-Drachenwald]
The submitted name is a combination of an Anglicized Irish given name and an Old Norse byname. Mixing Scots and Old Norse in a name has been ruled unregisterable:
The combination of an Old Norse given name and an Anglicized Scots patronymic had too severe a temporal disparity. We have therefore changed the spelling of the given name to medieval Norwegian. [Ulvar MacVanis, A-Lochac, LoAR 07/2000]
Anglicized Irish and Scots existed in similar time period. Therefore, just as a mix of Scots and Old Norse is not registerable, a mix of Anglicized Irish and Old Norse is not registerable. [Davin Steingrimsson, 01/02, R-An Tir]
... this name combined a hypothetical Old Norse name and a Scots byname. Mixing Scots and Old Norse in a name has been ruled unregisterable:
The combination of an Old Norse given name and an Anglicized Scots patronymic had too severe a temporal disparity. We have therefore changed the spelling of the given name to medieval Norwegian. [Ulvar MacVanis, A-Lochac, LoAR 07/2000]
[Ságadís Duncansdaughter, 01/02, R-Drachenwald]
[Eplaheimr] Just as we would not register a place name mixing Old English and Middle English in a single name phrase, a mix of Old Norse and Norwegian is not registerable in a single name phrase. [Ságadís Duncansdaughter and Sigmundr Hákonsson, 01/02, R-Drachenwald]
Submitted as Brigitte MacFarlane the Red, this name combined a given name that is Swedish, French, or German with a Scots byname followed by an English descriptive byname. No documentation was provided that such a combination is plausible. [Brigitte MacFarlane Red, 02/02, A-Æthelmearc] [Ed.: registered with an entirely Scots byname.]
Mea was documented as Italian and the Bold was documented as English. Mixing Italian and English in a name was ruled registerable, though a weirdness, in the LoAR of September 1999 (Veronica de Holloway). [Mea the Bold, 02/02, A-Æthelmearc]
This name mixes the Italian Tessa and the English byname the Huntress. Such a mixture is registerable, though it is a weirdness. [Tessa the Huntress, 02/02, A-Æthelmearc]
The LoI proposed Cassia as English feminine given name "based upon English use of feminized Roman names". However, the examples provided in the LoI were found not only in Roman Latin but also in medieval Latin sources. Cornelius and Lucius were the names of popes who became saints and this likely influenced the use of Cornelia and Lucia in England. Additionally, Lucia is also the Latin form of the name of Saint Lucy, who was popular in England in the Middle Ages. In the case of Claudia, Withycombe (p. 68 s.n. Claudia) says that the late 16th C example of this name in Lancashire is "probably taken from the 2nd epistle to Timothy where it occurs as the name of a Roman convert." Cassius, and by extention Cassia, is documented only as a Roman Latin name. Given the drastic temporal disparity between Roman Latin and Scots, a name combining Roman Latin (or perhaps Classical Latin) and Scots is not registerable. [Cassia MacWilliam, 02/02, A-Ansteorra][Ed.: Cassia was documented as an Italian saint's name.]
Mixing Italian and Scots in a name was ruled a weirdness in August 1999:
While there is little evidence for mixed Scots/Italian names, there is enough contact between the cultures for this to be allowable. It is, however, a "weirdness." (Laertes McBride, A-Caid, LoAR 08/99)
[Cassia MacWilliam, 02/02, A-Ansteorra]
Mixing Arabic and English in a name is registerable, though it is a weirdness. [Tahir the Mad, 02/02, A-Atlantia]
Mixing Old English and Middle English in a single name was ruled a weirdness in the LoAR of October 2001 (s.n. Saxsa Corduan). [Eadweard Boise the Wright,02/02, A-Calontir]
This name mixes the Dutch given name Toen and the English surname Fitzwilliam, which is registerable, though it is a weirdness. [Toen Fitzwilliam, 02/02, A-Calontir]
Pre-1100 Dutch and Old Norse were ruled registerable, though a weirdness, in the registration of Aldgudana Gunnarsdóttir in the LoAR of November 2001. [Rothin in flamska, 02/02, A-Outlands]
The English byname the Lost has been ruled SCA compatible. Use of an element which is only SCA compatible is a weirdness. Mixing English with Old English in the same name was ruled registerable, though a weirdness, in the LoAR of October 2001 (Meridies acceptances, Saxsa Corduan). Therefore, this name has two weirdnesses, one for use of an SCA compatible element and one for the lingual mix, and so must be returned. If the Lost could be shown to be a translation of an Old English byname, this name would be registerable via the Lingua Anglica Allowance. [Ælfric the Lost, 02/02, R-An Tir]
[Connall O'Maccus] The submitter requested authenticity for 11th–12th C Irish and allowed minor changes. RfS III.1.a requires lingual consistency within a name phrase. The submitted O'Maccus combines Maccus, which is found exclusively in Latin citations, and the Anglicized Irish O'. So O'Maccus violates this requirement and is not registerable. Black (p. 484 s.n. Maccus) dates Robert filius Macchus to 1221. Therefore, this name would be authentic in Latin as Conall filius Macchus. Authentic Gaelic forms for his desired time period would be Conall mac Magnusa, Conall ua Magnusa, or Conall h-Ua Magnusa (this last form uses h-Ua, a variant of ua found in early orthographies in the Annals of Ulster and the Annals of Tigernach).

The submitter allows minor changes, and the changing of the language of a particle (here O') is usually a minor change (while changing the language of the patronym, here Maccus, is a major change). It was generally felt at the decision meeting that the change from O' to filius so significantly affected the byname in both look and sound that it was a major change. As the submitter does not allow major changes, we are returning this name. [Conall O'Maccus, 02/02, R-Atenveldt]
The submitter requested authenticity for Irish-German and allowed any changes. Lacking documentation that these two cultures had significant contact, combining Irish and German elements in a single name is not registerable. Deirdre was documented from Withycombe (p. 81 s.n. Deirdre). However, this entry says that "its use as a christian name is quite recent, dating from the 'Celtic Revival' (Yeat's Deirdre 1907, Synge's Deirdre of the Sorrows 1910)." However, the spelling Deirdre has long been SCA compatible. As it is a Gaelic given name, it is not registerable in combination with German elements per the precedent:
[Hagen Seanaeiche] the combination of German forename and Gaelic byname needs justification, at the very least. None of the commenters noted any German/Gaelic interaction in period (see, e.g., RfS III.1., "As a rule of thumb, languages should be used together only if there was substantial contact between the cultures that spoke those languages." (Hagen Seanaeiche, Caid-R, LoAR 12/94)
Black (p. 204 s.n. Deirdre) dates Deredere to 1166. Given that the source Black cites for this reference, Deirdre is a Latinized form of a Gaelic given name. Barring documentation of significant contact between Scottish Gaelic and German cultures, a name mixing Gaelic (including Latinized Gaelic) and German in a name is not registerable. [Deirdre Mueller von Thurn, 02/02, R-Calontir]

Compatible (SCA)
Note: This section is arranged by name, rather than by date.

Aislinn was ruled SCA-compatible in the August 2000 LoAR. [Aislinn Fiona of Rumm, 08/01, R-An Tir]
... barring other documentation of the spelling Allasan being used as a period name, we will discontinue registering this name beginning at the decision meeting in April of 2002. This does not affect the registerability of the Scots form Alesone or other documented forms of Alison in other languages. [Allasan Wulf, 09/01, A-Ansteorra]
The compound name Annalies was ruled registerable in 10/99:
Colm Dubh found a citation of Annalies in 1634 (Wilfred Seibicke, Historisches Deutsches Vornamenbuch), which is in our "gray area" of documentation. Therefore we will allow the compound given name. We will, however, only allow it in the listed spelling (barring documentation that another spelling is a valid period variant). [Annalies Grossmund, 10/99, A-Calontir]
[Annalies Maria von Marburg, 09/01, A-Caid]
The only evidence found for Boudicca is the Iceni queen. As such, it is a unique name and is no longer registerable. Forms of it have only been registered three times (1991, 1992, 1996), too rarely to be considered SCA compatible. [Victoria of Vig, 10/01, A-Trimaris]
Branwen was ruled SCA compatible in June of 1996. Reaney & Wilson (p. 61 s.n. Brangwin) date Brangwayna to 1250, and various surname forms to later. However, this is not a form of Branwen, but rather of Brangwain, which is a different name. Therefore, Branwen is not registerable as a documented name, thought it remains SCA compatible. [Branwen ferch Gwythyr, 11/01, A-East]
So, the summary of changes to the registerability status of the name Briana is:
  • Briana is registerable as a Spanish feminine given name.
  • Briana is registerable as an English feminine given name.
  • Since Briana has been documented, it is no longer SCA compatible.
  • As of the July 2002 decision meeting, the spelling Brianna will no longer be registable.

    [Ed.: see the 12/01 Cover Letter for a discussion of the documentation] [12/01, CL]
    Submitted as Catriona of Whitemoor, the LoI stated that the submitter preferred the spelling Catriona which she believed to be "the English version of the period Irish Name". However, documented English spellings do not contain an "o". The spelling Catriona is neither Gaelic nor English. The closest Gaelic spelling is Caitríona. The closest English spelling is Catrina. As no documentation has been provided and none could be found for the spelling Catriona, it is not registerable. [Catrina of Whitemoor, 10/01, A-Meridies]
    Corwin was ruled SCA-compatible in the cover letter for the December 1985 LoAR. [Corwin of Saxony, 11/01, A-Ansteorra]
    [crest and keep] The element crest falls into the same category as keep. In both cases, we do not have evidence of that element used in a formal place name in period, though we have evidence of each as a geographical element. Bardsley (p. 216 s.n. Crest) dates both Rogerus del Crest and Johannes del Crest to 1379. Bardsley (p. 441 s.n. Keep) dates William atte Kep to 18 Edw. I, Roger Kep to I Edw. III, and Richard atte Kippe to I Edw. III. Reaney & Wilson (p. 261 s.n. Keep) dates Thomas ate Kepe to 1327 and Roger de Kepe to 1332.

    Keep has long been used as part of SCA branch names. The most recent registration is Crossrode Keep, Shire of (registered November 1999 via Ansteorra). This element is effectively regarded as SCA compatible as an element in an English place name. Given the forms in which it has been registered, spellings of the element Keep are registerable both as a separate element (such as Crossrode Keep), and as the final element in a compound place name (such as Northkeep). Registerable spellings include Keep and any alternate spellings which may be documented to period (including those listed above).

    Similarly, there has been enough interest in the element crest, including as recently as 1999, to rule it SCA compatible in an English place name. Unlike keep, crest is not registerable as a separate element. So, Ravencrest is a registerable placename, though Ravenwood Crest, for example, is not. [Tristan Ravencrest, 11/01, A-Æthelmearc]
    Dechtire is only found as the name of mother of Cú Chulainn. Barring evidence that Dechtire was used by humans in period, it is not registerable. [Dechtire ingen Ruairc, 11/01, R-Caid]
    No documentation was provided, and none could be found, that the feminine given name Eórann was used outside of legend. ... It was suggested that prior registration of this name as recently as 1997 indicates that it should be registerable. When the name Aislinn was ruled SCA compatible in August 2000, two factors were considered: that it is used as a name, though post-period, and that it "has been registered over 30 times in the past two decades, with at least one registration each year save one. This suggests that the name is commonly enough used to be considered SCA compatible. [Aislinn inghean Mhaoilbhrighde, 08/00, A-Atlantia]" Eórann, in the spellings Eórann and Eorann, has only been registered 6 times, once each in 1989, 1993, 1994, 1997, and twice in 1990. This name does not have the same level of "common use" as Aislinn and is not SCA compatible. Therefore, barring documentation that Eórann was used by non-legendary humans in period, it is not registerable under our current rules. [Eórann inghean Fhaoláin, 10/01, R-Atlantia]
    No documentation was presented and none could be found that the name Éile was used outside of legend. Lacking such evidence, this name is not registerable. [Éile ingen Áeda, 02/02, R-Atlantia]
    The given name Fiona has been ruled SCA-compatible. [Aislinn Fiona of Rumm, 08/01, R-An Tir]

    Fiona was ruled SCA compatible in April of 1981 and upheld in the December 1995 cover letter. [Fiona Harpar, 11/01, A-Æthelmearc]
    Submitted as Fionnuala inghean ui Fallamhain, Fionnualla is a modern spelling:
    Fionnualla is a post-period form of the name Fionnghuala. Barring evidence that it was used in period, it is not registerable. [Fionnghuala O Murrigane, A-Artemisia, LoAR 12/2001]
    [Fionnghuala inghean ui Fhallamhain, 02/02, A-Calontir]
    Ian has been ruled SCA-compatible. [Ian MacClennan, 08/01, A-Caid]

    Ian was ruled SCA-compatible in April of 1997. [Ian Duncanson, 09/01, A-Caid]
    The English byname the Lost has been ruled SCA compatible. Use of an element which is only SCA compatible is a weirdness. [Ælfric the Lost, 02/02, R-An Tir]
    This name is being returned for lack of documentation of Melusine. Melusine is listed on p. 137 of Louis-Fernand Flutre, Table des Noms Propres avec Toutes Leurs Variantes Figurant dans les Romans du Moyen Age Écrits en Français ou en Provençal et Actuellement Publiés ou Analysés (Poitiers: Centre d'Études Supérieures de Civilisation Médiévale, 1962) as the name of a character in a medieval romance. Unfortunately for the submitter, the character described in this entry is not a human. As summarized by Metron Ariston:
    While it is true that in the Lusignan legend, Melusine's father is said to be the King of Scotland, her mother is said to be the fairy Pressina. The locus classicus for her tale is the Chronique de Melusine written by Jean d'Arras around 1387. In this classic fairy tale story, Melusine is said to have been cursed by her mother to be transformed every Saturday into a hideous monster with a serpent's tale [sic] and, if ever seen in this form by a mortal, to be destined to take this form forever.
    As we have no evidence that the name Melusine was used by humans in period (not even as a human literary character), we are upholding the precedent barring registration of Melusine:
    There are only a bare handful of Melusines registered, and the only documentation is post-1650; I think I can safely disallow the name, pending evidence that it's period. I'd be willing to believe it a variant form of Melisenda, Millicent --- but as it's also the name of a mythical monster, I'd like to see some evidence of its period use by humans. (Melusine d'Argent, October, 1992, pg. 21)
    [Alessandra Melusine di Mantegna, 12/01, R-Drachnewald]
    While Ó Corráin and Maguire describe Móirne as "probably a diminutive of Mór", they give no indication that Móirne is period. Barring such documentation, Móirne is not registerable. [Mór inghean uí Chonghalaigh, 10/01, A-An Tir]
    Rhonwen was ruled SCA compatible in November of 1995. [Rhonwen Glyn Conwy, 12/01, A-East]
    Garnet found additional information about this name that affects the following precedent:
    [Rosalind atte Rylle] The only documentation for Rosalynd in the LoI said that it was proposed as a variant of Rosalind first used in Shakespeare's As You Like It. Since that is from the end of our period, we do not think it is likely that a variant form of the name was used during our period. Therefore we have changed it to the form found in Shakespeare. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR March 1999, p. 6)
    Garnet found that "Rosalynde is found as a romance character in 1590, in the work of that name by Thomas Lodge (the basis for 'As you[sic] Like It')." Given this information, Rosalynde is also a registerable English variant of this name. [Rosalinda of Castile, 02/02, A-Æthelmearc]
    ... Rowan is SCA compatible as a feminine given name, this name is registerable with a weirdness for use of an SCA compatible element. [Rowan Bridget Blackmoor, 01/02, A-Atenveldt]
    Submitted as Sheila Stuart, Sheila is a modern Anglicized form of Síle, a Gaelic rendering of the name Cecilia. Barring evidence that the form Sheila was used in period, it is not registerable. Shilie ny Teige is among the five daughters of Teige O'Donovane listed in his will, dated to February 10, 1639, found on pp. 2460-2464 of John O'Donovan, Annals of Ireland, by the Four Masters, Vol. 6 (New York, N.Y.: AMS Press, 1966). As the Anglicized Irish form Shilie is dated to the gray area, it is registerable. [Shilie Stuart, 12/01, A-Meridies]
    No evidence has been found that the bynames the Wanderer or the Traveler were used in English in period. However, they are both SCA compatible. Though the correct modern spelling is Traveler, the spelling that has been registered most often is Traveller. Therefore, this byname is registerable in both the spelling the Traveler and the Traveller. [Mihrimah the Traveler, 10/01, R-Ansteorra] [Ed.: returned for two weirdnesses]

    The byname the Wanderer is SCA compatible. This name has one weirdness for use of an SCA-compatible name phrase. Since the entire name is English, there is no additional weirdness for lingual mix and this name is registerable. [Joel the Wanderer, 12/01, A-Artemisia]
    Submitted as Ygrainne ferch Rhun, the spelling Ygrainne is not registerable, since no documentation was presented and none could be found that a spelling with a double "n" is plausible. Therefore, we have changed it to the standard form Ygraine [Ygraine ferch Rhun, 10/01, A-Artemisia]

    Conflict - Other Names

    [Compass Rose Herald] This is being returned for conflict with Compass Rose of Ansteorra, Award of the (reg. 12/90). Herald is the designator, and therefore does not contribute towards difference; neither does the removal of of Ansteorra, because group references are transparent. [Trimaris, Kingdom of, 08/01, R-Trimaris]
    [Lanyard Pursuivant] This submission is being returned for aural conflict with Lanner Herald (reg. May 1984 via Calontir). The following precedent is applicable here:
    [Caldera Herald] This is being returned for an aural conflict with the Province of Calderium. (Jaelle of Armida, LoAR May 1997, p. 8)
    Caldera and Calderium are aurally more different than Lanyard and Lanner. As such, this submission must be returned. [Trimaris, Kingdom of, 08/01, R-Triamris]
    [Award of the Rising Star] This name is being returned for lack of documentation of the construction of the order name. No documentation was provided, and the College found none, that an abstract descriptive such as Rising was used to modify a noun such as Star in period order names. Barring such documentation, this name must be returned.

    Note: had such documentation been found, this name would have registerable as Award of the Rising Star of Ansteorra, since Ansteorra has a letter of permission to conflict from the owner of the household name House Rising Star, and group references (which are normally transparent for conflict purposes) can clear a conflict in conjunction with a letter of permission to conflict. [Ansteorra, Kingdom of, 09/01, R-Ansteorra]
    This group has a letter of permission to conflict with the household name Froschheim (registered to Aldred von Lechsend aus Froschheim in December 1988). There was discussion regarding whether Frostheim and Froschheim look and sound too similar to be ruled clear even with a letter of permission to conflict. However, the small difference between Frostheim and Froschheim is just barely enough to be clear with the letter of permission to conflict. [Frostheim, Shire of, 10/01, A-Drachenwald]
    [Merlin Pursuivant] Calontir first submitted Merlin as a heraldic title in 1984: Calontir, Kingdom of. (heraldic titles). 1) Merlin Herald: There is a mundane Merlyne Pursuivant. [Calontir, Kingdom of, Merlin Pursuivant, May 1984 LoAR, Calontir-R] As Merlyne Pursuivant was officially protected in August 1987 and included in the Armorial, this non-SCA title is still a conflict. [Calontir, Kingdom of, 11/01, R-Calontir]

    Conflict - Personal Names
    see Conflict Table for a quick reference
    see also "Which Gaelic and Anglicized Particles Should Conflict"

    This name is clear of Ian MacClen (reg. November 1991 via Calontir). MacClen is a variant of MacClean which is a patronymic derived from the Gaelic given name Giolla Eoin. MacLennan is a patronymic derived from the Gaelic given name Lennán. As neither Giolla Eoin nor Lennán is a diminutive of the other, they can only conflict if they do not differ significantly in sound or appearance. The additional syllable in MacLennan brings it clear in both sound and appearance from MacClen. [Ian MacClennan, 08/01, A-Caid]
    RfS V.1.a.ii.a says, "Two bynames of relationship are significantly different if the natures of the relationships or the objects of the relationships are significantly different." As the bynames Christoferson and Christopher both mean "son of Christopher", these names are in conflict. [Aaron Christoferson of the Osprey, 08/01, A-Meridies]
    This name is being returned for conflict with Edward the Black Prince, son of Edward III who was created Earl of Chester in 1333, Duke of Cornwall in 1337, and Prince of Wales in 1343 (Cambridge Biographical Encyclopedia s. n. Edward the Black Prince).

    RfS V.1.c reads,
    Protected historical personal names are protected in all of the forms in which they commonly appear. Charlemagne, which becomes Carolus Magnus in Latin and Karl der Grosse in German, is protected in all three forms.
    Longstanding precedent says that Edward Duke of Cornwall would conflict with Edward of Cornwall. Thus the question that has to be answered is whether the prince was known as Edward Duke of Cornwall. If so, this submission is in conflict with him. If not, this submission is not in conflict with him.

    In the Acts of David II (of Scotland), Edward is referred to as "prince de Gales ducs de Cornewaill' et conte de Cestr'" (p. 177, document dated 3 October 1357) and "prince de Gales ducs de Cornewaill' et counte de Cestre" (p. 190, document dated 6 November 1357). Neither of these references seem to list his name, but do list his titles in descending order of precedence. Speed's The Counties of Britain includes a emblazon of his device on p. 55 as part of a map of Cornwall (drawn 1610). The emblazon is captioned "Edward P. of Wales D. of Cornwall and E. of Chest". Again, his name followed by his titles in descending order of precedence. This gives evidence that he was known by his given name followed by his titles in period.

    As he was created Duke of Cornwall in 1337 and Prince of Wales in 1343, there is a six year period where his primary title was Duke of Cornwall. During this time, it is reasonable to assume that he was commonly known as Edward, Duke of Cornwall. As such, this submission is in conflict with him and must be returned. [Edward of Cornwall, 08/01, R-Atenveldt]
    [Ian Duncanson] A question came up regarding whether this name conflicts with the registered name Sean MacDuncan. There is a precedent:
    [Eoin Mac Cainnigh] The name is clear of Ian MacCoinnich, registered September 1990; Eoin and Ian are significantly different in sound as well as appearance. (LoAR April 1996, p. 1)
    Ian is farther in pronunciation from Sean than it is from Eoin. Since Ian is clear of Eoin, it therefore holds that Ian is clear of Sean. Therefore this submission is clear of conflict with the registered name Sean MacDuncan. [Ian Duncanson, 09/01, A-Caid]
    [Dmitrii Ivanovich] Traditionally, we protect the names of rulers (though not necessarily their consorts) whether or not they have entries in an encyclopedia. Tsar and Grand Prince Ivan Vasilevich, Lord of All Russia (Ivan "the Terrible") ruled from 1547 to 1584. From 1605-1606 a man claiming to be Ivan's son Dmitrii ruled. In modern reference material, he is referred to as the "First False Dmitrii". Webster's Biographical Dictionary (p. 406) lists Ivan's real son as Dmitri Ivanovich. As such, it is logical that the First False Dmitrii ruled as Dmitri Ivanovitch. Therefore, this submission is in conflict with a historical ruler and must be returned. [Dmitrii Ivanovich, 09/01, R-An Tir]
    This name is being returned for conflict with Charles Grey, 1st Earl Grey, and his son Charles Grey, 2nd Earl Grey, both of whom have their own entries in the online Britannica. [Charles le Grey, 09/01, R-Ansteorra]
    Conflict with Leifr Jóhansson (reg. Aug 1992 via Atlantia). As noted by Kraken, "Both names mean 'Leifr son of John' and RfS V.1.a.ii.(a) indicates that as such the two bynames conflict." [Leifr Jónsson, 09/01, R-Caid]
    Submitted as Eíbhlin inghean uí Raghailligh, we have changed the given name to a documented form.

    There was a question of whether this name conflicts with Eibhlín níc Raghailligh (reg. 09/96). Current precedent states:
    [Siobhán inghean uí Dhomnaill] The question was raised in commentary whether this name conflicts with Siobhan MacDonald, registered in 1985. However, in September 1999 Elsbeth Anne Roth made a ruling which is relevant here: "Mac 'son of' and O 'descendant (grandson) of'/'of clan' refer to significantly different relationships and are therefore clear." It seems natural to apply this ruling to the corresponding feminine forms inghean and inghean uí as well. [Siobhán inghean uí Dhomnaill, 04/01, A-Ansteorra]
    As nic is the Anglicized form of the Gaelic inghean mhic 'daughter of a son of'/'daughter of the Mac- family', it is clear of inghean uí 'daughter of a grandson of'/'daughter of the Ó- family' according to this precedent. [Eibhlín inghean uí Raghailligh, 10/01, A-Outlands]
    This name is being returned for conflict with William Forster (1819-1886) who was an English statesman and chief secretary for Ireland. As he has his own entry in the online Encyclopedia Britannica, he is protected. There was a question whether the addition of the syllable in the middle of the byname was sufficient to clear the conflict in conjunction with the addition of le. In this case, the auditory difference between Forster and Forestier is not significant enough to clear the conflict. As such, even with the addition of le, these names conflict. [William le Forestier, 10/01, R-Æthelmearc]
    ... since Antoinette is not a diminutive of Anthony and the two look and sound significantly different, Antoinette does not conflict with Anthony. [Antoinette de la Croix, 11/01, A-Æthelmearc]
    This is not a conflict with the historical person Walter de Clare, since he does not have his own entry in an encyclopedia, though his father Gilbert de Clare does. Walter de Clare founded Tintern Abbey in May of 1131 and it is from him that many of the later Clare family members derived the patronymic FitzWalter. [Walter de Clare, 11/01, A-Artemisia]
    This name does not a conflict with Eric the Dane (registered January 1993 via the East) since descriptive bynames conflict via sound and appearance, not meaning (per RfS V.1.a.ii). The byname inn danski is significantly different in sound and appearance from the Dane, so they do not conflict. [Eiríkr inn danski, 11/01, A-Atlantia]
    This name is being returned for conflict with Eliza MacGregor (registered June 1998 via Trimaris). As Eliza is a diminutive of Elizabeth, they conflict. [Elizabeth McGrigour, 11/01, R-Æthelmearc]
    [Katharine Stuart] This name is being returned for conflict with Caitlin Stuart (registered May 1982) and with Catriona Stiubhard (registered April 1997) per the precedents:
    Conflict with the registered name Caitlin of Greenwood. When pronounced correctly, the only difference in sound is the very minor difference between an "r" and an "l" and sometimes the difference between a "t" and a "th". Neither change is sufficient difference. [Catharine Grenewode, 01/00, R-Atlantia]
    This conflicts with Katharine Campbell, registered in June 1988. According to RfS V.1.a, two name elements need to differ significantly in sound and appearance to be considered different. The difference in pronunciation between Catriona and Katharine is not quite significant enough. [Catriona Campbell, 05/01, R-Meridies]
    In the name Catriona Stiubhard, Stiubhard is the Gaelic form of Stuart/Stewart. So, as they sound almost identical, there is no there is no difference between these bynames. [Katharine Stuart, 11/01, R-Artemisia]
    This name conflicts with James Butler, Duke of Ormonde (1610-1688), who has his own entry in the Encyclopedia Britannica. RfS V.1.c reads,
    Protected historical personal names are protected in all of the forms in which they commonly appear. Charlemagne, which becomes Carolus Magnus in Latin and Karl der Grosse in German, is protected in all three forms.
    Cornelian found that "the various earls/dukes/marquises of Ormonde typically signed themselves Ormonde." As they were routinely known by their title, this person is protected both as James Butler, Duke of Ormonde and as James, Duke of Ormonde. It is with this second form that the submitted James d'Ormonde conflicts. [James d'Ormonde, 12/01, R-Atlantia]
    This name conflicts with Oleg whom the Encylopedia Britannica describes as a "semilegendary Viking (Varangian) leader who became prince of Kiev and is considered to be the founder of the Kievan Rus state." The names of monarchs in the form "[monarch's given name] of [location ruled]" have been protected for some time and the ruling was recently upheld:
    As Polonus means 'the Pole' or 'of Poland', this name conflicts with the three kings: Wladyslaw I (king of Poland from 1306), Wladyslaw II (king from 1386) and Wladyslaw III (king from 1434). [Wladyslaw Polonus, 04/00, R-Æthelmearc]
    Since Oleg conquered Kiev, his name is protected in the form Oleg of Kiev. [Olekh of Kiev, 12/01, R-Lochac]
    There was a question of whether this submission conflicts with Owen ap Dafydd (registered June 1990), since Deykin is a diminutive of Dafydd. This situation is a direct parallel to the example in RfS V.1.a.ii.(a) which states, "Hobson is significantly different from Robertson, however, because Hob and Robert differ significantly in sound and appearance and are not being used in given names." Therefore, Deykin does not conflict with Dafydd when both are being used in bynames. [Owein Deykin, 01/02, A-Meridies]
    Submitted as Brian of Glastonbury, the submitter allowed changing the name to Brian FitzWilliam of Glastonbury if the submitted name conflicted with Brianna of Glastonbury (registered October 1990). There is a precedent that Brian conflicts with Brianna:
    This conflicts with the registered name of Brianna O Duinn. [Brian Ó Duinn, 04/00, R-An Tir].
    Therefore, the submitted Brian of Glastonbury does indeed conflict with Brianna of Glastonbury. Adding FitzWilliam clears this conflict. [Brian FitzWilliam of Glastonbury, 01/02, A-West]
    This is not a conflict with the historical person William de Warenne, first Earl of Surrey, since the College was unable to find a general encyclopedia that lists him with his own entry (though his son John is listed). William de Warenne was a companion of William the Conqueror at Hastings. [William Warren, 01/02, A-West]
    No documentation was provided and none was found that the construction of the [family name]s was used in period. Lacking such documentation, this form is not registerable. The form Cuilén Gordon would be registerable style. However, this name (in either form) conflicts with the registered name Colin Gordon (registered June 1998). [Cuilén of the Gordons, 01/02, R-Atenveldt]
    This name is in conflict with John Barry (1745-1803), an important American naval officer with his own entry in the Encyclopedia Britannica. It is also in conflict with Jean, Duc de Berry (1340-1416), patron of the arts, who commissioned the Books of Hours that bear his name. He has his own entry in the Encyclopedia Britannica (1911 ed., vol. iii, p. 809). [John de Barri, 01/02, R-Drachenwald]
    The submitter's legal name is Mari Alexander [surname]. Therefore, this submission contains the submitter's first two names in the same order as in her legal name. A similar submission was recently returned:
    The submission consists of the given names, in order, of the submitter. As this is one of the possible common use names, we have to return this submission for conflict against the submitter herself, protected under section III.A.9 of the Administrative Handbook. [Mary Amanda, 09/00, R-Artemisia]
    Therefore, just as Mari [surname] would be conflict with her legal name, so the submitted Mari Alexander conflicts with her with her legal name. [Mari Alexander, 01/02, R-West]
    A similar submission, William le Forestier was returned in the October 2001 LoAR:
    This name is being returned for conflict with William Forster (1819-1886) who was an English statesman and chief secretary for Ireland. As he has his own entry in the online Encyclopedia Britannica, he is protected. There was a question whether the addition of the syllable in the middle of the byname was sufficient to clear the conflict in conjunction with the addition of le. In this case, the auditory difference between Forster and Forestier is not significant enough to clear the conflict. As such, even with the addition of le, these names conflict. [William le Forestier, 10/2001, R-Æthelmearc]
    The same conflict applies to this submission. [William le Forester, 01/02, R-West]
    There was some question whether this name conflicts with Caspar, one of the three Magi, since Withycombe (s.n. Jasper) says that "Jasper is the usual English form of Gaspar or Caspar, which was the traditional name of one of the Three Kings (Gaspar, Melchior, Balthasar) into whom medieval legend transformed the 'wise men' who came to Bethlehem to worship the infant Christ." RfS V.3 "Names Claiming Specific Relationships" states "Names that unmistakably imply identity with or close relationship to a protected person or literary character will generally not be registered ... In some cases a unique name, surname, or epithet is so closely related to an individual that its use alone can imply relationship to that individual." The question is whether this name unmistakably implies identity with Caspar. Jasper is dated to 1370 in Withycombe (p. 173 s.n. Jasper) as an English given name. Wiseman is listed in Reaney & Wilson (p. 497 s.n. Wiseman). This entry dates the spellings Wisman to 1154 and Wyseman to 1471. Neither Jasper nor Wiseman are unique to the member of the Magi and so do not imply identity with him when used on their own. Therefore, this name is clear of the restriction in RfS V.3.

    The question now becomes whether the submission conflicts with Caspar as a submission of Henry England would conflict with any of the kings of England named Henry. Though the group is routinely referred to as the Magi, The Three Kings, or The Three Wise Men, the individuals are not referred to as Caspar the Wise Man or Caspar Magus. Therefore, the submitted name does not conflict with a form of Caspar's name and this submission is registerable. [Jasper Wiseman, 02/02, A-Atlantia]
    There was some question regarding a potential conflict between this name and the submitter's legal name, James Henry. An SCA name must differ from a submitter's legal name by at least one syllable. Just as James fitz Henry is clear of the submitter's legal name by the addition of the syllable fitz, Séamus mac Inneirghe is clear of the submitter's legal name by addition of the syllable mac. [Séamus mac Inneirghe, 02/02, A-Atlantia]
    This name conflicts with William O'Reilly, a 20th C Australian cricketer who has his own entry in the Encyclopædia Britannica. Additionally, no documentation was presented for the spelling Ulliam rather than the normal Gaelic spelling Uilliam. [Ulliam Ó Raghailligh, 02/02, R-Atlantia]
    This name conflicts with Maura MacPharlane (registered October 2001). [Máire MacPharthláin, 02/02, R-Calontir]
    Listed on the LoI as Muirgen of Applecrosss, the forms and the documentation listed the spelling Applecross. Muirgen is a Middle Irish (pre-1200) form of a saint's name. The Early Modern Irish form of this name is Muirghein. The only feminine example of this name that has been found is a mermaid in a story regarding Saint Comgall. However, documentation has been found for this name as a masculine name and it is registerable as such. [Muirgen of Applecross, 02/02, R-Calontir] [Ed.: returned for problems with the locative]
    This name conflicts with Caillin Ruadh (registered February 1997). It is debatable whether there is sufficient difference between the appearance of Cillíne and Caillin. Regardless, there is not enough difference in sound between the two to clear them. Caillin is pronounced \KAL-een\. Cillíne is pronounced \KIL-een\. Therefore, they differ only in the sound of a vowel cluster. When both were pronounced at the Pelican decision meeting, it was the feeling of those attending that they were too close in sound. As two unrelated given names must differ significantly in both sound and appearance to be clear of one another, this name must be returned. [Cillíne Ruadh, 02/02, R-Lochac]

    Danish

    The submitter requested authenticity for Norse. The byname Trymsen is documented as 15th C Danish. As such, we were unable to make this name authentic for Norse. The submitter may wish to know that Koira noted that Eirik Trymsen would be the authentic form of this name for late period Norwegian. [Eiríkr Trymsen, 09/01, A-Calontir]
    Submitted as Amber Roriksdottír, Amber is grandfathered to the submitter. Roriksdottír combined the Danish Rorik with the Old Norse -d&oacutettir (with the accent misplaced). Such a mix is a violation of RfS III.1.a which requires lingual consistency in a name prase. Therefore, the byname is registerable as the completely Danish Roriksdatter or the completely Old Norse Hrœreksdóttir. From examples of bynames listed in E. H. Lind, Norsk-isländska dopnamn ock fingerade namn från medeltiden (columns 594-595 s.n. Hrórek) the form Roreksstadir would be registerable as medieval Norse. As the submitter allowed minor changes, we have registered this name in the Danish form Roriksdatter since it is the closest form to the submitted Roriksdottír. [Amber Roriksdatter, 12/01, A-Atlantia]
    The forms show that the spelling ihghean listed on the LoI was a typo for inghean. This name was originally submitted as Ealasaid inghen Domhnaill and changed at kingdom with the submitter's approval to avoid a conflict with Ealasaid MacDonald (registered February 1994). Under the current precedents, the conflict spotted by kingdom was correct and the change made by kingdom did clear that conflict. Unfortunately, it brought the name into conflict with Elzasif O'Donnell (registered March 1986). Her file shows that Elzasif was submitted as a Norse variant of Elizabeth. As Ealasaid is also a variant of Elizabeth, these two elements conflict. Since O'Donnell conflicts with inghean uí Domhnaill, these two names conflict. [Ealasaid ihghean uí Domhnaill, 02/02, R-An Tir]

    Deity

    Submitted as Banba MacDermot, Banba was documented from Ó Corráin and Maguire (p. 28 s.n. Banba) which states that "Banba was the wife of Mac Cuill, one of the gods of the Tuatha Dé Danann". Since no documentation was presented and none was found that Banba was used by humans in period, it is not registerable. [Banbnat MacDermot, 09/01, A-Calontir]

    Documentation

    The Laurel office requires that each copy of a submission form have its own separate copy of the documentation that goes with it. A form + its associated documentation is an indivisible set. For a name, that's the long-standing practice: the Laurel office receives one name form and one set of documentation. An armory submission has two colored copies of the submission form, so if it requires any documentation, we will require two copies of the documentation as well. ...

    In particular, in SCA branch submissions which require petitions, please include one copy of the petition for each name or armory form sent to Laurel. (So, for a branch name and device, that's three copies of the petition). This ensures that there's a form for each decision-making sovereign of arms, and for the files, while being a simple rule to remember. [08/01, CL]
    Withycombe's strength lies in English. In most cases, when she is referring to names that are not in English, she is referring to modern forms. As such, any undated references in Withycombe to forms of names in other languages ought to have additional support. [Anton Cwith, 08/01, A-Ansteorra]
    Heinemann was documented from ancestry.com. The April 2001 LoAR stated the following in regards to the submitted name Sueva the Short:
    The given name was documented from Roberts, Notable Kin: An Anthology of Columns First Published in the NEHGS NEXUS, 1986-1995. While we have no reason to doubt the quality of the genealogical research, the goals of genealogists are different from ours and their data is not necessarily applicable to SCA use. The same issue applies to documentation from genealogy Web sites including ancestry.com. They cannot be relied on for documentation for spelling variants.
    [Tatiana Heinemann, 08/01, A-Trimaris]
    The only documentation provided for the given name was from the International Genealogical Index (IGI) of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (LDS). The IGI is not sufficient documentation for a submission. It is a database of names from records and is intended for use within the LDS. Some of the names listed come from primary sources, some from secondary sources, and some from tertiary sources. The information is submitted by many people who have varying levels of research skills. As such, inaccuracies in transcription and normalization of names renders it unsuitable for SCA heraldic use.

    As the College of Arms was able to find alternative documentation, this name is registerable. [Gabrielle de Nevers, 09/01, A-Æthelmearc]
    Khalila was documented as a word meaning 'female' from an Arabic-English dictionary. This documentation is not sufficient to register Khalila as a feminine given name. [Khalila al-Sadafiyya, 09/01, A-Caid]
    As there are four editions of NCMJ, simply citing a page number is not useful. The header needs to be included in the documentation as well.

    We would like to thank the submitter for including with his documentation, the specific Kanji characters that were combined in the elements of this name. We do not register the Kanji characters; instead we register the Romaji transliteration. But as multiple Kanji characters have the same pronunciation, it made researching the name easier to know which Kanji were used to create the submitted name. [Kentsuki no Ujitora Kaito Tamashi, 09/01, R-Caid]
    The sum total of the submitted documentation for the byname of Gresewode was "Gresewode is a plausible placename from Ekwall". This is woefully inadequate. No evidence was given as to why kingdom believes Gresewode is a plausible placename. At the very least, the examples that kingdom believes support the byname in Ekwall should have been listed. [Robert of Gresewode, 09/01, R-Caid]
    The encyclopedia article used as documentation for the element Kyrghiz describes them as "a secluded people throughout their history." As such, no evidence has been provided establishing contact between the Kyrghiz and pre-17th C century Western Europe. Therefore, this name falls under the precedent:
    ... significant interaction between Tibet and pre-seventeenth century Western culture has not been demonstrated. The Encyclopædia Britannica dates the first visits to Tibet by Western missionaries to the 17th century, and the fact that the 8th century Tibetan kingdom had some contact with the Arab conquerors of Iran still leaves Tibetans at least two removes from Western Europe. (Talan Gwynek, LoAR November 1995, p. 16)
    [Béla of the Kyrghiz , 10/01, R-Outlands]
    All the elements in this name were documented from a letter from the Academy of Saint Gabriel. However, the letter was not adequately summarized in the LoI, which has been cause for return in the past. ... By Laurel precedent, the College is not required to look up documentation that is not adequately summarized on the LoI. In this case, multiple members of the College went out of their way to dig up this information. For the benefit of both the submitter and the members of the College who took on this extra work, we are registering this name as an exception to the requirement that all submitted documentation be properly and adequately summarized on the LoI. Kingdom submissions heralds should be aware that inadequate summarization of supporting documentation has been and will continue to be a reason for return. [Isa van Reinholte, 11/01, A-Ansteorra]
    Draak was submitted as a header form in Bahlow. In most cases, header forms are plausible for period and so are registerable. However, precedent (most notably regarding modern forms in Ó Corráin & Maguire) has ruled that header forms which are modern may not be registerable. (This has been handled on a case by case basis.) [Benedicta Dracke, 11/01, A-Artemisia]
    The name Teige was documented from online translations of the Annals of the Four Masters. Those translations were done in the 19th C and so name forms in them are not necessarily appropriate period Anglicized Irish forms. In this case, the form Teige is fine since C. L'Estrange Ewen, A History of Surnames of the British Isles, dates Teige oge ny Foorty of Dromore, yeoman to 1603-4 (p. 210). [Teige MacLennan the Tinker, 11/01, A-Atlantia]
    Submitted as Arianna Wolfraven, the submitter allowed minor changes and did not have a request for authenticity. Wolfraven is a header form in Bardsley. In most cases, header forms are plausible for period and so are registerable. However, precedent (most notably regarding modern forms in Ó Corráin & Maguire) has ruled that header forms which are modern may not be registerable. (This has been handled on a case by case basis.) Wolfraven falls into this category. The name drives from the Old German Wælhræfn and all dated forms of this name found by the College do not have the Wolf- spelling, which seems to be a post-period phenomenon. Bardsley (p. 822 s.n. Wolfraven) dates Wlfraven to 1273. [Arianna Wlfraven, 11/01, A-Trimaris]
    The only documentation provided for Nickerson was from a genealogy webpage. As genealogy sources routinely normalize spellings, they are not suitable for documentation of SCA name submissions on their own. Without independent evidence that Nickerson is a period surname, it is not registerable. The closest dated form found was Nickeson, which is dated to 1601 in Hitching and Hitching References to English Surnames in 1601 and 1602. We have therefore used this spelling. [Calum Nickeson, 11/01, A-Trimaris]
    Since The Annals of the Four Masters were written in 1632-1636, much of their orthography dates from that time period. [Eoin an Eich Ghil mac Cionaodha, 11/01, A-Trimaris]
    A submission this month included a given name documented from The Book of Irish Saints by Eoin Neeson. On examination, this doesn't appear to be a trustworthy source. Of the twelve saints listed in the photocopies we received, at least three aren't corroborated in Farmer's The Oxford Dictionary of Saints or in Ó Corráin & Maguire. Seven of the remaining names don't have the Gaelic forms of the saints' names spelled correctly. Additionally, Neeson is not consistent in his headers. Some entries have Gaelic forms as the first listed header form; other entries use Anglicized forms, with no indication of which is which. In at least one case (Saint Brioch), Neeson incorrectly describes the saint as being from Ireland. All of these factors combine to render Neeson's book unsuitable for our purposes.[11/01, CL]
    Unfortunately, the only documentation provided for the byname Varnum given in the LoI was, The submitter asserts that Varnum is an epithet meaning 'shield', and that such an epithet would be appropriate for an Indian warrior (he cites personal communication with Swami Atmajananda, Ramakrishna Order, Washington D.C.). Previous precedent has ruled that communication with a modern speaker of a language is not adequate documentation for a period name:
    [Name] As has been noted before, personal correspondence from a modern speaker, or even a scholar, of a language is not adequate documentation for a period name. The only documentation provided in support of the [byname] ... were a few lines ... from the ... gift shop proprietor cited as the source for the translation. Since no one in the College could come up with any supporting documentation for anything similar..., some more substantial documentation must be required from the submittor. (Alisoun MacCoul of Elphane, LoAR 26 Jul 87, p. 10)
    Despite our high respect for [Name] and her expertise in [language] (it's what she does for a living), we have to have some idea of why she thinks it is O.K. to register this name form. Specifically we need to have documentation of the meaning and construction of the elements in this name, information not included on the letter of intent or on the forms. (Alisoun MacCoul of Elphane, LoAR 30 Sep 89, p. 14)
    As the College was unable to find documentation of Varnum as a period byname, it must be returned for lack of documentation. [Harsha Varnum, 11/01, R-Caid]
    The LoI documented the name Shena from Withycombe (s.n. Jane). However, while Withycombe dates the name Jane to the 15th C, regarding Shena, she says, The Gaelic form of the name is Sìne (phonetically rendered as Sheena or Shena); Irish is Séadna. When discussing non-English names, Withycombe is usually referring to modern forms. No documentation was provided and none could be found that any form of Shena, Sìne, etc. was used in period. Without such documentation, the name is not registerable. [Shena the Red of Ravenhurst, 11/01, R-Calontir]
    This submission is being returned for lack of documentation of Erbesweald. The LoI documents Earbesweald [sic] as Old English translation-'Herbal Forest'. Not intended to be real location.. No documentation was provided and the College found none that 'Herbal Forest' is a reasonable placename in Old English. Regardless of whether or not the submitted Erbesweald is intended to be a real place, it is included in this name as a placename and so must be documentable as such. Without such evidence, this name is not registerable. [Aethelind of Erbesweald, 11/01, R-Outlands]
    Katja was submitted under the Legal Name Allowance. ... In the case of the Legal Name Allowance, the documentation takes the form of a photocopy of an acceptable form of identification. ... A question was raised regarding exempting submissions taken at large consultation tables from this requirement since they often do not have access to photocopying. Every effort should be made to get the photocopy. Some consultation tables routinely ask the submitter to send a photocopy to their kingdom submissions herald after the event. This resolves many of these problems. In cases where this is not possible, the following information should be recorded on the submission: the full legal name of the submitter, what type of document was presented, where the submission was taken (Pennsic/Gulf Wars/Estrella consultation table, et cetera), and the name of the herald(s) who viewed the form of identification. Submissions that are calling on the Legal Name Allowance and do not have a photocopy of identification included as part of the submission will be considered on a case by case basis. This seems to be a reasonable balance between applying the same standards to all submitters and allowing for "hardship" cases. [Katja Gaussdottír of Storvik, 12/01, A-Atlantia]
    The submitted MacGlinchy was documented from MacLysaght (p. 129) as an Anglicized form of Mag Loingsigh. However, MacLysaght does not give dates for his Anglicized forms. In many cases, the forms he lists are plausible period Anglicized forms. Unfortunately, this is not the case for this name. Woulfe (p. 423 s.n. Mag Loingsigh) dates Maglinchie and M'Glinche to temp. Elizabeth I-James I, and lists MacGlinchy as a modern Anglicized form. What we see in these Anglicized forms is the shift in which portion of the byname the "g" is associated with, from Mag + L- forms to M' + Gl- forms to Mac + Gl- forms. As none of the period Anglicized examples listed under any of Mag L- headers on pp. 422-423 in Woulfe include the "c", the shift to Mac + Gl- forms seems to be post period. Lacking evidence that this shift is period, the submitted byname is not registerable. Since the submitter allows any changes, we have substituted a period form listed in Woulfe in order to register this name. [Mungo Maglinchie, 12/01, A-Atlantia]
    Lassarfina was documented from the Annals of Connacht. This source uses conservative orthography, meaning that most of the spellings in this source follow the rules of Middle Irish (pre-1200). [Lassarfina inghean uí Cheallaigh, 01/02, A-Caid]
    Submitted as Duncan Jullings, the submitter requested authenticity for "Scottish, any date" and allowed any changes. Jullings was documented as a header spelling in Reaney & Wilson (p. 258 s.n. Julian). In most cases, header forms are plausible for period and so are registerable. However, precedent (most notably regarding modern forms in Ó Corráin & Maguire) has ruled that header forms which are modern might not be registerable. This has been handled on a case by case basis. In this instance, the College was unable to find evidence that Jullings is a plausible period variant of the byname Julian. We have, therefore, changed the byname to his second choice, Julyan, which is dated to 17 Edw. III in Bardsley (p. 437 s.n. Julian). [Duncan Julyan, 01/02, A-West]
    Submitted as Temair Brecc inghen Cholm, Cholm is the lenited form of the nominative form of the masculine name Colm. Colm is listed as the last form under the header Columb (p. 55) in Ó Corráin & Maguire. When multiple forms are listed after the colon in headers in OCM, the first form after the colon is usually a period form and the latter forms are usually modern. No evidence was presented and none was found that the form Colm was used in period. Lacking such evidence, this form is not registerable. We have changed the patronymic to a form consistent with examples in the Annals of Connacht. [Temair Brecc inghen Choluim, 01/02, A-West]
    MacFarlane was documented from Reaney & Wilson (s.n. MacFarlan). However, all examples in this entry are cited from Black. Therefore, they are Scots, not English. [Brigitte MacFarlane Red, 02/02, A-Æthelmearc]
    The submitter also documented Keegan from a Web site entitled "Irish/Irish Gaelic Male Names" (http://www.crosswinds.net/~daire/names/irishmale.html). Unfortunately, this site is useless for our purposes. The names listed are modern and many are not Gaelic forms. Gaelic does not have the letters 'j', 'k', 'v', 'w', 'y', or 'z'. This site should definitely be avoided for name documentation.[Egan mac Muirgein, 02/02, A-Merdies]
    Submitted as Sine of Cumbrae, Sine was documented from Withycombe (s.n. Jane) as a Gaelic form of Jane. When Withycombe is discussing names in languages other than English, she is usually referring to modern forms. No documentation was provided and the College found none that Sine is a period Gaelic name. Lacking such documentation, it is not registerable. [Jeane of Cumbrae, 02/02, A-Meridies]
    Keshvar was documented from a Web site titled "Zoroastrian names" (http://www.avesta.org/znames.htm). The names on this site need to be used with care. On his "Medieval Names Archives" website, Arval Benicoeur includes an explanation of the sources for the "Zoroastrian names" site provided by its author:
    The Avestan names all occur in the Avesta itself, and thus can be dated to around 1000 BCE or earlier. The Old Persian inscriptions are from around 500–600 BCE. The Parsi names are from Dosabhai Framji Karaka, History of the Parsis I, London 1884. pp. 162–3, and are names in use at that time. The Zoroastrian Irani names are from Farhang-e Behdinan, by Jamshid Sorush Sorushian, Tehran, 1956, and are names used in Kerman and Yazd at that time. You will find many of the names in current usage in the Pahlavi texts as well (ca. 9th ce CE), and in fact date to ancient times, e.g. Av. manush-chithra -> Pahl. Minochehr -> modern menucher. If you consider 9th ce[ntury] CE as medieval, I would suggest looking through the Pahlavi texts for more names.
    Keshvar is included under the "Parsi names" and "Irani Zoroastrian names" lists on this site. Therefore, Keshvar is only documented to c. 1884 and c. 1956. Lacking documentation that it was used in period, it is not registerable. [Keshvar bint Afsar al-Mah, 02/02, R-Atenveldt]
    al-Jamal summarizes the issues with the rest of the name:
    Afsar is found, undated, in Ahmed (cited in the LoI). Even the example of Afsar-ud-Din is not dated, and since I do not find the name anywhere else, I can only at this time take it as a hypothetical usage. (When Ahmed has dates, he seems to be pretty reliable. When he doesn't, it's generally indicative of modern usage.) He also gives its origin as Persian, and combines it with the Arabic al-Din.
    [Keshvar bint Afsar al-Mah, 02/02, R-Atenveldt]
    This name is being returned for lack of documentation of Teofilia as a feminine given name. The name was documented from William F. Hoffman and George W. Helon, First Names of the Polish Commonwealth: Origins and Meanings. Nebuly says of documentation from this source:

    The submitted documentation from Hoffman & Helon is explicitly post-period. As the authors themselves state on page 4, this book is designed for use by descendants of Poles who emigrated to English-speaking countries, and a large part of the work was based on First Names in Current Use in Poland. The book is in no way, shape, or fashion intended to be used by medieval recreationists and there are other far superior books for this purpose. The same criticism can be levelled at the use of Hoffman's Polish Surnames, which is another genealogical reference work. While both works are excellent for their intended niche, they are of no value in documenting medieval Polish practice.

    Given this information, these sources should not be used for documentation of SCA name submissions. [Teofilia Karaszkiewicz, 02/02, R-Atlantia]
    Applecross was submitted as a header form in Johnston. In most cases, header forms are plausible for period and so are registerable. However, precedent (most notably regarding modern forms in Ó Corráin & Maguire) has ruled that header forms which are modern may not be registerable. (This has been handled on a case by case basis.) Johnston (p. 84 s.n. Applecross) dates Aporcrosan to 673, Apuorcrossan to 737, Appillcroce to 1510, and Abilcros to 1515. The early forms are spelled with an 'r' in the second syllable. The 16th C forms are spelled with an 'l' in the second syllable. Even these 16th C spellings do not show the Appl- spelling. Therefore, the submitted spelling Applecross is not a plausible period variant. [Muirgen of Applecross, 02/02, R-Calontir] [Ed.: returned for problems with the locative]

    Dutch

    Submitted as Dirk van het Muiderslot, slot is the Dutch word for 'castle'. While the castle is called Muiderslot or Slot Muider in Dutch, no evidence was found for including slot in a locative byname. The article het is not appropriate without the 'castle' component. With the appropriate grammatical changes after the preposition, the most likely form for a personal name would be Dirk van Muiden. [Dirk van Muiden, 09/01, A-Atenveldt]
    Submitted as Diederic van Flandres, the support for van Flandres is from an Academy of Saint Gabriel letter (client #1295). Nebuly was one of the contributors to this letter and has found a mistake in how the notation in that source was originally interpreted. As such, van Flandres is a combination of two languages which violates RfS III.1.a, and so is not registerable. Nebuly writes:
    The byname van Flandres is problematic since van is a Dutch preposition while Flandres is a French spelling. Under RfS III.1.a. this should be returned for mixing two languages in a single phrase. The simplest way to correct this is to make the byname entirely French as de Flandres. The most likely Dutch form is Vlaminck, with no preposition (Luana de Grood, 1594).
    Additionally, evidence has been found of the singular Flandre in French bynames rather than the plural Flandres. Changing van Flandres to de Flandre is a smaller change than changing van Flandres to Vlaminck. Since the submitter did not note any preferences on his forms regarding language/culture, we have made the smaller change in order to register this name. [Diederic de Flandre, 10/01, A-Æthelmearc]
    The submitter requested authenticity for 13th-16th C Flemish. The surname van Orley is documented only from general reference sources as the name of a painter from Brussels (c. 1490-1542) who is also referred to as d'Orley. It is worth noting that the only signed example of this painter's work (from 1519) is signed BERNADUS DORLEII FACIBAT. The form van Orley seems to be a mistranslation of the period French surname d'Orley and may or may not date to period. Given that the painter lived in period, and lacking proof that van Orley is a post-period form, we are giving the submitter the benefit of the doubt and registering this name. Given the nature of the documentation of van Orley, we do not know wh