WPC# ( 0(@ 1mhf  B B* D3$fWaYUm %#U<aU*fafa ,F2 x U.~  j v !` ! ! !!  !!`V )"]($# e37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)] d&0 d d'dxdTable_A<  9p`( XPassthru PostScriptel 95t28pUPASSPOST.PRShhhhhhhhH%Z- 0M?xxxXXxT{v1lCl/Xl>T7WCW\XW#q{G5XCXXX}:\  p`$Roman ScalableTable_B,\  p`TimesTable_CTable_DHAEowynAmberdrakePyesemeRohandWarwickcrussilybotonnydescendentsFelysElfiedbordureplateyToisond'Orl'EuropeDemkouSontseDersyredrawingssubmittorBrookeJ.P.DennysRodneyBildern Manessischen HandschriftHutteDaviesA.C.InnesNeubeckerOttfriedMcGrawCaerthanSuttonPearsonC.E.A<6X9`+Courier<6X9`+Courierd,\  p`Timesn,*f9 p`TimesItalic62 p`Symbol8#|8VC"BDO??=K' "u^2CRddCCCdq2C28dddddddddd88qqqYzoCNzoozzC8C^dCYdYdYCdd88d8ddddCN8ddddY`(`lC2CC!CCCCCCCCCCdYYYYYYzYzYzYzYC8C8C8C8ddddddddddYdddddodYYYYYYYdzYzYzYzYddddddddC8C8C8C8Ndz8z8z8z8z8ddddddCCCoNoNoNoNz8z8z8dddddddzYzYzYdz8dCoNz8dddddzYC88dNF2[dCYddddd7>d<d<$YYdCCddooCY<'qqqqPqd"u^2CTddCCCd2C28ddddddddddCCdzzzzCYozzdozzooN8NTdCddYdY8dd88Y8ddddNN8dYYYNP7PlC2CC!CCCCCCCCCCdzdzdzdzdzdYzYzYzYzYC8C8C8C8dddddddddoYzddddoYdzdzdzdzdYYYYdzYzYzYzYddddddddC8C8C8C8YYo8o8o8o8o8ddddddzNzNzNdNdNdNdNo8o8o8ddddddoYoNoNoNdo8dzNdNo8oYoYdddzYC88dNF2idNdddddd7>d<d<+oodCCddddCo<'Pd"h;]8CdCCdn2n28dddddddddd88nnnYCCd`(`8\dȫnnn8!nBBnnnyyPn7c1RyyXyycnnnndccccccccyMMMMMMMMMMMM֐~nyRzczXzcyhCBnnshcnnonvyXzXshn~zXyCBBnss~|y~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~XXXXXXXyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyBBBBBBBBBBBBnnnnnnnssssssssssss"u^!,6CCoh,,,CK!,!%CCCCCCCCCC%%KKK;{`YY`QJ``,4`Qw``J`YJQ``~``Q,%,?C,;C;C;,CC%%C%hCCCC,4%CC`CC;@@H,!,,,,,,,,,,,,C`;`;`;`;`;wYY;Q;Q;Q;Q;,%,%,%,%`C`C`C`C`C`C`C`C`C`C`;`C`C`C`C`CJC`;`;`;Y;Y;Y;Y;`CQ;Q;Q;Q;`C`C`C`C`C`C`C`C,%,%,%,%4`CQ%Q%Q%Q%Q%`C`C`C`C`C`Cw`Y,Y,Y,J4J4J4J4Q%Q%Q%`C`C`C`C`C`C~``CQ;Q;Q;`CQ%`CY,J4Q%`C`C`C`C`CQ;,%%`CN/!Ta$:,:/:#gad!H,HH>m[*PPPXPTg ! W T%  TX#XX XT%    @7AnEssayonSeme@66byEowynAmberdrakeIntheseries"AReturntoFirstPrinciples",RogerF.Pyeaddressesthetopicofsemeinhisthirdessay.HestartswiththestatementthatsemeisnotnormallydepictedinEnglishArmoryinthe"cutfromcloth"style.AsidefromFranceAncient,greatcarewastakenbyearlyengraverstonotcutofforobscurethesemecharges.Thesestatementswerebywayofintroductiontohismainthesis,thatis,thatmorethansixchargesisseme,andthatcountingthecharges,oreven(horrors!)enshriningintheblazontheirplacementontheshieldiscontrarytothetruesoulofheraldry.Itisthelaterthesishediscussesfortheremainingthreequartersofthearticle.Ihavenoquarrelatallwiththe"don'tcount'em,drawasmanyaswillfit"interpretationof"howmanyissemy?".However,manyintheSocietyhaveinterpretedhisstatementabout"normalEnglishpractice"tomeanthatonlyFranceAncientwaseverdrawninperiodinthe"cutfromcloth"style,anditiswiththatinterpretationthatImustdiffer.Semefieldswereinfactoccasionallydrawninperiodwiththesemechargescutoffattheedges,bothinEnglandandelsewhere.TheclearestEnglishexamplesthatIhavefoundareintheRousRoll:armsofRohand,EarlofWarwick(seeFigure1):Gules,crussilybotonnyOr.Thesearmsarequartered,stillinthe"cutfromcloth"style,throughoutthelistingofhisdescendentsintheRoll.Forinstance,Figure2showsDameFelysandSirGuy,EarlofWarwick.Crosseswerenottheonlychargesotreated.Figure3showsthedrawingofthearmsofElfied,daughterofAlfredtheGreat.Thefirstquarterisblazoned"azure,semeofmartletsOr."Severalborduresarechargedwithanunspecifiednumberofcharges(horseshoesorplates).Thegivenblazonjustsay"abordureazurechargedwithhorseshoes"or"chargedwithplates".Onlywholechargesaredrawn,andthenumbervarieswiththesizeofthequartering,butwhilewewouldundoubtedlyblazontheborduresas"semy",theywerenotsoblazoned(notevenas"abordureplatey")inthisRoll.ThehistoryoftheEarlsofWarwickwaswrittenbyJohnRowsabout1483.Itwaspreparedforpublicationin1845andhasjustbeenreissuedin1980.Oneofthemostusefulaspectsofthissourceisthatithasbothexactrenderingsofperiodillustrationsandperiodblazons.Manysourceshaveoneortheother,butnotboth.Myresearchhasrevealedthreedistinctwaysofdrawingsemecharges,whichstylesIhavecalled"whole"."cutfromcloth"and"mixed".Figure4showsexamplesofallthreekindsofsemy.ItisfromAnOutlineofBritishHeraldryandisareprintofapagefromArmorialde *Q%) laToisond'Oretdel'Europe,whichisfromabouttheearly1400's.IgnoringFrance *<&* AncientinBeaumont,Icountedthisas2"whole"(deDemkou,deSontse,1"cutfromcloth"(Dersy)and1"mixed"(delaWare). -(- Table1isachartoftheperioddrawingsofsemechargesthatIfound.Dateistheprobabledateofthemanuscript;theblazoniseitherdonebymeorgiveninthetext;thestyleisoneof"wholecharges","cutfromcloth"ora"mixture"ofthetwo;thesemychargesareshowneitheronafieldorabordure,thenumberofinstancesofsemyseen;theillustrationIwasworkingwithwaseitherR(redrawn)orO(originalphoto);thepowderedchargeswere...;referstothelistinginthebibliography,thenpagenumber.FranceAncientisspecificallynotincluded.Ihaverestrictedmyselftopicturesoforiginalsourcesandredrawingsoforiginalsourcesinwhichcareforaccuraterepresentationoftheoriginalseemstohavebeenthegoal.Myconclusionsfromthisadmittedlylimiteddataare:1.  Aborduresemyhasanuncountednumberofwholecharges,andtheblazoningstyle   of"chargedwithwhatever"clearlyconveysthistobothheraldandartist.Notethatthisblazonstyleimpliesthatinthiscasesemyistreatedascharges,notasatreatmentofthefield.2.  Afieldwithchargessemymaybedrawnanyofthefollowingways; b 0  A.0` (#(#AssmallwholechargesK` (#` (# 0  B. ` Asifcutfromcloth;theartistcarefullyputssmallpartsofchargesattheedges 4 ofthefield. (#(# 0  C. ` Inacombination;theartisttriesforwholecharges,butiftheedgesofthe  shieldgetintheway,orthemainchargegetstooflamboyant,thencutoffthechargesasneeded. (#(# StylesAandCseemtoregardthesemyascharges,styleBseemstoregardsemyasatreatmentofthefield.3.  OurSocietyviewofsemyisschizophrenic:therulescallitatreatmentofthefield, e butthemandateddrawingstyleissolelythatofsmallwholecharges.Suggestions:0  A. ` Semechargesonborduresshouldbeblazonedascharges,anddrawnassuch,." !(#(# 0  B. ` TheRulesforSubmissionshouldnotmandateanyparticulardrawingstylefor #" semyfields. (#(# 0  C. ` Semechargesarestillcharges,notpartofthefield.However,whetherornotit t% $ isdrawnfrom"cutfromcloth"theyshouldnotaddtothe"thickness"ornumberoflayersinthedevice.Thisisbecauseitcanbedrawnwithoutaddingthese"thicknesses"soweshouldnotpenalizethesubmittorforhisartist'schosenstyle. (#(# @CBibliography1.0  Barber,Richard,TheReignofChivalry,St.Martin'sPress,NewYork,1980.+#'+(#(# 2.0  BrookeLittle,J.P.,RoyalHeraldry,BeastsandBadgesofBritain,PilgrimPress,Ltd., ,(, 1981-(-(#(# 3.0  Child,Heather,HeraldicDesign,GenealogicalPublishingCo.,Inc.,Baltimore,1982(#(# 4.0  Dennys,Rodney,TheHeraldicImagination,CrownPublishers,NewYork,1975.(#(# 5.0  DieMinnesinger,inBildernderManessischenHandschrift,H.F.Hutte,Leipzig,no  printingdate (#(# 6.0  FoxDavies,A.C.,ACompleteGuidetoHeraldry,BonanzaBooks,1978Z(#(# 7.0  InnesSmith,Robert,AnOutlineGuideofHeraldryinEnglandandScotland,Pilgrim E  Press,Ltd.,Derby,1980 (#(# 8.0  Neubecker,Ottfried,Heraldry:Sources,SymbolsandMeaning,McGrawHillBook  i Co.,1976 (#(# 9.0  ProceedingsoftheCaerthanHeraldrySymposium,Denver,1981 = (#(# 10.0  Pye,RogerF."ReturntoFirstPrinciples:IIISemy",CoatofArms,VII(1953),pp.  (  206208. (#(# 11.0  RenaissancePaintinginManuscripts,TreasuresfromtheBritishLibrary,Hudson   HillsPress,NewYork,1983. (#(# 12.0  Rous,John,TheRousRoll,AlanSutton,Gloucester,1980 (#(# 13.  ShieldsinYorkMinster,WoodcockandPearson,York,noprintingdate k  14.0  Wright,C.E.,EnglishheraldicManuscriptsintheBritishMuseum,BritishMuseum V Publications,1973 (#(#   *z UX#X{XX#UUXTX{XX#UTXXT@KTable1:PeriodInstancesofSemy*h dh,ddd ,{dd",dd ,dd ,bdd ,dd",dd ,dd ,dd +   ? @!Source   @@z - Date   @ABlazonMeGlv  (x @fQ.StyleWlCutMix   @aonaFldBrd  (x @@X#   @rRwhoRO   @Charges   @8 Ref   Archb,ScropeHenryBlurchlerParisRollDeringRollWijnbergenArmWijnbergenArmRichardofCorn.WalthervonKllManiplebroideryPowell'sRollArm,deGeireGarterStallPl.Flag:deBlonayaromanceBruceGarterBkThom.Jenyn'sThom.Jenyn'sPortcullisBkArm.Tolsond'OrArm.Tolsond'OrArm.Tolsond'OrWrytheGarterPeterleNeveRRowsRollRowsRollRowsRollBokeofSt.AlbansBokeofSt.AlbansJasperTudorSealJorgRugennPr.Arthur'sBookClothofGoldScoreClothofGoldDomFernandoScotArmorial  O- ??12441275<1291<129112901300<1350135013861396<1400<14001430144014401440<1450<1450<14501480148014831483148314861486<14951495<15191520152015301591  E+ Ѐx̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀xx  4 Ѐx̀πx̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀πx̀x̀πx̀x̀x̀πx̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀πx̀πx̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀πx̀x̀x̀x  2 Ѐx̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x  1!7 1112UU2111UU311111521121111231121121111  E+ xx̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀xx̀xx̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀xxxxxxxx̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x̀x  &8"B mitresbilletsroundelscrossesbilletsmartletsroundelsbilletsmrt,r,h,shoescrossesbilletsfleurscrossesfleurscrowns,flrsstars,bez.roundelsroundelsbillets,rondscrossescrossescrossescrossescros,martletroundelscrossescrossesroundelsmartletsfleurssuns,fleurseaglesFrancemodCastileheaqrts  E+ 136,299314888536,8986,898184141477746,89121212996,4968244118 E+    (#F @| @Table2:EsxamplesofFranceAncientUsedasaBordure@R(Allblazonsgiven)* d dddd {dd"dd dd bdd dd"dd dd dd  ,dd ,dd ,dd ,dd +   ? Source  (x @UGStyleWlCutMix   Date  (x Ref  (x JohnofElthamTombJohnofHollandsealJohndeHollandsealHenrydeHolandsealWillement'sRoll  _   Ѐ̀x̀x̀x̀xx  _   133613811381145514551392  i  6,4936,4936,4936,49314 _    @NTable3SummaryofBordures*y dddd dd dd dd y,?dd ,dd , dd +   2  lWhole    @WBCut    Total(IncludesFranceAncient    @"26    @C1    @q27    @NTable4:SummaryofFields*h dd?dd dd dd h,cdd ,dd",dd",dd",cdd"+   x Century  , Whole  , Cut  , mixed  , total  , unknown1200130014001500Totals  c' 414110  c' 025310  c' 102418  c' 14513528 c'  V%  V